Week 5 Discussion - INTL5645 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 5 Discussion - INTL5645 - Assignment Example When leaving, he further teaches the woman to utilize a solitary chalk a day since the school has no satisfactory offices. The absence of the fundamental learning offices further trade offs the nature of training that the understudies I the towns arrangements get. Moreover, the film doesn't portray any type of government intercession to rescue the sorry condition of town instruction. The film further builds up a topic on youngster work. This exasperates the effectively terrible condition of instruction in the nation. In an offer to provide food for their belongings, the penniless kids take up modest employments in the town. Lianjiang (8), declares that â€Å"28 PERCENT OF CHILDREN LIVING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE ARE LEFT BEHIND BY THEIR PARENTS WHO SEEK EMPLOYMNET IN THE URBAN CITIES† . Wei the little unpracticed instructor comes to find that Zhang has stopped school to search for work in the city. Zhang is a youngster and not inside the employable age, be that as it may, because of need powerful observing structures he secures humble positions in the city and before long overlooks school. This throws a dim shadow on the eventual fate of the country’s economy other than making sure about an ever dark future for the rustic tenants. China has one of the biggest human populaces on the planet. Consistently during winter, numerous Chinese ordinarily return home. This typically brings about a strategic issues as the railroad transport framework gets overpowered. For this situation, the examination centers around the film The Last Train Home. In a more extensive point of view, the audit looks to expose the situations that Chinese foreigner specialists face. The vast majority of these Chinese laborers are isolated from their families. For this situation, the attention is on the family lit up on in the narrative. Toward the beginning, it is obvious that the family is isolated from one of their own who is called Qin. This is clear from the way that the mother converses with her through the telephone. They examine issues with respect to her report. Also, when the

My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping in Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Dropout Boyfriend Kept Dropping in - Essay Example experiencing the phases of a Goth, a revolutionary, and a Marxist. The creator possibly doesn't completely comprehend what her beau, Terry, accepts is the motivation behind why he needs to do this. After Conell subtleties Terry’s thinking behind this decision, she reacts by occupying the subject. Rather than inquiring as to why he wants to live out in the forested areas, Conell answers that she loves his loft. Terry’s choice to live like a vagrant has nothing to do with his condo so the creator is remove the consideration from living in the forested areas and concentrating more on what he is surrendering. Possibly he may have adjusted his perspective on the off chance that she had given some substantial reasons why he ought not live that way. Since the creator didn't manage the issue before all else stages, this wacky thought was permitted to run and thrive to its regular decision. Moreover, Conell appears to indeed negate herself when she makes reference to a conversat ion with a young lady from her residence. She starts the discussion by giving her anxiety for his quick security, yet after her straightforward companion unequivocally excuses the thought, Conell attempts to defend her sweetheart. Her thinking is that he will set aside a great deal of cash and that he will feel near nature. This implies Conell has instability issues since she isn't excessively attached to the thought herself, yet when another person participates in assaulting Terry, she promptly recovers her up and shields him like there’s no tomorrow. Affirming her prior stun at Terry’s choice to decide to live like this, Conell specifies a book that he gave her on Valentine’s Day, Into the Wild. In this book, a youngster starves to death in the Alaskan wild. Her admonition chimes ought to have been blazing when this happened in light of the fact that it's anything but an ordinary event to give somebody a book like this on Valentine’s Day, which is a day about adoration and joy. With all due respect, she concedes this ought to understand and that she didn't get ready for this choice just as she could have. Conell gives us extraordinary understanding into Terry’s propensities and character when she depicts the time she initially met him. She concedes that he was a defiant individual, in spite of the fact that she surrenders that she was pulled in to this. The purpose behind this was she felt a similar route as he did about numerous things and this permitted her to communicate her own emotions. She gives the case of Terry wearing eyeliner and joining a self locking pin through his eyebrow; these are great admonition indications of somebody who is inclined to avoiding the pattern. The one contrast between these two is that the two of them act their sentiments out in various manners. Conell states how Terry is additionally cordial, while she is a greater amount of the bashful kind. This implies perhaps these two are not appropri ate for one another. Conell neglects to make reference to how this complexity in their conduct influenced their relationship. Later on, Conell makes reference to that Terry dropped out of school just months into his first year. The main explanation that she gives for this choice is that he was discontent with school, however maybe it was something more profound; something that Conell appears to get over so without any problem. She utilizes the word â€Å"defended† when gotten some information about this bizarre choice by her companions. This shows Conell isn't really in full concurrence with his decision in light of the fact that else she would have said that she

Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue

Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue Climate is a significant factor according to planes and their direction in the sky. Colgan Air case and the issue with respect to planes arriving in an inappropriate air terminal identify with a few issues. As a Colgan Air pilot not associated with the episode, I can see that there are a few inquiries that may be raised relating to the case.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Colgan Air and the Planes Landing Issue explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first would respect the climate conditions at the hour of the occurrence. Frequently, pilots have next to no decision, as the climate conditions become extreme surprisingly fast. Plainly pilots are especially restricted in the quantity of things they can do to settle on the best strategy, and regularly, the decision is missing by and large. Now and again, there are climate conditions that leave pilots without any choices. An inquiry in regards to the perceivability is likewise proper, as th e instruments on the board may get not as valuable as the visual acknowledgment of the runway. In addition, clearly pilots have a perilous work where just a set number of steps can be taken to forestall a mishap. There is incredible reliance on the capacities of the plane and climate, and an individual needs to settle on brisk choices in coordinating the machine. Despite the fact that a pilot needs to experience broad preparing and tests, there are still occasions when a circumstance can't be anticipated, and an individual needs to pass by the emotions and considerations that are available right now. Accordingly, the state of the pilot ought to be addressed. How was he/she feeling before the flight, and would he say he was or she influenced by any substances? As the Colgan Air president, I might want to take note of some specialized minutes that may be placed into question. As the plan and innovation that were utilized in building and designing an air terminal are exceptionally perp lexing and organized, they should be separated from others, so pilots can see the distinction. For this situation, it was referenced that the two air terminals looked fundamentally the same as, so the president would pose an inquiry of what could have been done any other way to the format and the structure of the air terminals to permit pilots to see the points of interest of their goal air terminal (Continental Connection Plane Lands at Wrong Louisiana Airport, 2009). There are numerous subtleties that are essential to remember so as to manufacture a well working and viable air terminal, however having remarkable highlights would permit pilots speedier acknowledgment. The security of individuals on the ground and on the plane is a significant issue, thus, the states of the surface must be continually checked. A president could address morals and profound quality in the bad behavior of setting down the plane at an inappropriate air terminal. From one point of view, if there is some kind of problem with the plane and it needed to make the arrival, it is indiscreet to rebuff the pilots.Advertising Looking for basic composition on natural investigations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since there are explicit air courses that are taken, it is inappropriate to let the plane circle the air terminal and cause postponements to individuals just as gigantic money related misfortunes to the organization and different associations that are engaged with the airlines’ business. Then again, if the issue is a noteworthy every last one the planes commit such an error, there must be a major issue with the directions or the innovation utilized in deciding the right air terminal. Generally speaking, basic and procedural changes must be made to prohibit this type of mistake. Reference Continental Connection Plane Lands at Wrong Louisiana Airport. (2011). Recovered from https://www.huffpost.com/passage/mainland as sociation pl_n_955358

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol One of the kinds of liquor you can purchase over the counter is scouring liquor, which is utilized for purification and might be applied to the skin to create a cooling impact. Do you know the substance piece of scouring liquor? It is a blend of denatured liquor, water, and operators added to make the liquor unpalatable to drink. It might likewise incorporate colorants. There are two regular kinds of scouring liquor. Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol Most scouring liquor is produced using isopropyl liquor or isopropanol in water. It isn't unexpected to discover isopropyl focusing on liquor at fixations from 68% liquor water up to 99% liquor in water. The 70% scouring liquor is exceptionally compelling as a disinfectant. Added substances make this liquor severe tasting, to attempt to keep individuals from drinking it. Isopropyl liquor is poisonous, to some degree on the grounds that the body processes it into CH3)2CO. Drinking this liquor can cause cerebral pains, tipsiness, sickness, retching, focal sensory system gloom, organ harm, and possibly trance like state or demise. Ethyl Alcohol Rubbing Alcohol The other kind of scouring liquor comprises of 97.5-100% denatured ethyl liquor or ethanol with water. Ethyl liquor is normally less poisonous than isopropyl liquor. Actually, the liquor normally happens in wine, lager, and other mixed refreshments. Nonetheless, the liquor is denatured or made undrinkable in scouring liquor, both to control its utilization as an intoxicant and on the grounds that the liquor has not been decontaminated to make it safe to drink. Truth be told, in the US, added substances make it as poisonous as isopropyl liquor. Focusing on Alcohol the UK In the United Kingdom, scouring liquor passes by the name careful soul. The plan comprises of a blend of ethyl liquor and isopropyl liquor. Focusing on Alcohol the US In the United States, scouring liquor made utilizing ethanol must fit in with Formula 23-H, which determines it comprises of 100 sections by volume of ethyl liquor, 8 sections by volume of CH3)2CO, and 1.5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone (MSDS sheet). The rest of the arrangement incorporates water and denaturants and may incorporate colorants and scent oils. Scouring liquor made utilizing isopropanol is controlled to contains at any rate 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate (MSDS sheet) and 1.40 mg of denatonium benzoate per 100 ml volume. Isopropyl scouring liquor additionally contains water, stabilizer and may contain colorants. Scouring Alcohol Toxicity All scouring liquor produced in the US is harmful to ingest orâ inhale and can cause exorbitantly dry skin whenever utilized regularly. Truth be told, on the off chance that you read the item name, youll see there is a notice against the majority of the normal employments of scouring liquor. A wide range of scouring liquor, paying little mind to their nation of starting point, are combustible. Details nearer to 70% are less inclined to burst into flames than scouring liquor that contains a higher level of liquor.

Personal Development Plan - Free Essay Example

General Omar Bradley, generally acknowledged and largely recognized as one of the U. S. Armed forces finest leaders, summed up his reasoning of leadership as one of the greatest experience that one could achieve in armed forces. General Bradleys expressive explanation has confined the improvement of a fundamental meaning of initiative that is: a leader utilizes information, abilities and connections to persuade, energize, and coach others in the accomplishment of normal objectives. This development plan has been created and supported by aggregate backgrounds, perceptions, triumphs, and disappointments. Leadership should be viewed as an adventure taken together by leaders and devotees to a typical end of the line. Incredible leaders make a successful plan, a guide to help them sort out and guarantee they have a suitable and compelling group set up, obviously impart the plan to and lead their devotees to the end (Biro 2012). Viable leaders characterize and refine their missions reliably and they consistently speak with adherents the destinations and turning points needed to accomplish accomplishment, for it is fundamental for a group to not just to comprehend where the association is and where it needs to go, additionally how it will get there. It is not sufficient for a leader to simply focus an objective and the course whereupon the decisions should be taken by agreeing with difference and giving preparing and training, assets, consolation, and direction as needed. To lead the mission to a productive determination, a leader must make necessities and use the gifts, imagination, assets, and vitality of his supporters, for the most part flawed people, and enable them to climb high potential in the life. An effective leader helps his devotees discover the best in themselves, on the grounds that leads to administrative achievement. Just by engaging supporters can a leader propel his advancement? A viable leader does not permit broken frameworks, poor decisions, bad fortunes, reasons, disturbances, or transitory disappointments to block the associations fly out to the end. People may oblige makeshift routes, however a leader discovers approaches to proceed despite the difficulties experie nced, and he figures out how to bring his supporters with him. In the current business environment of quick advancement and enhancements, especially in engineering and frameworks, effective leaders must be adaptable as they adjust to the enormous progressions experienced in a profoundly mind boggling world. When victories are understood, an incredible leader wont assume praise for the accomplishment, however rather will perceive the individual commitments and achievements of his devotees and express appreciation to them. Furthermore it is also observed that extraordinary leaders display conduct that are reliable with the responsibilities adhered to them by the society. All leaders and all individuals have different moral values. Qualities are convictions that speak to a singulars plans regarding what is correct, great, or attractive. Oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s individual and authority qualities are basically adjusted and he/she attempt to utilize them as a part of all that one doe s and all that an individual say during the work, in ones affiliations. By having one characterized set of qualities, one can seek after many reasons to win and achieve the desired goals. Some common center individual and initiative qualities include: Integrity and reliability Competency, obligation, and responsibility Respect, gratefulness, and backing for others Community commitment and contribution Expansive appreciation; communicated gratefulness for expansive things and for little things Laurie Beth Jones (C.E.O) characterizes three key parts in her book Jesus that deal with initiative inferred from considering the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Initiative attributes exhibited amid Jesus lifetime are recognized and inexactly gathered into three classes. As indicated by Jones, Jesus life and mission are definite of fruitful administration in light of the fact that he reliably exhibited: The quality of power toward oneself The quality of activity The quality of connections Quality of power toward oneself is created through distinguishing and carrying on with a life focused around center moral standards, and by creating and concentrating on necessities. Listening to and approaching others with deference and utilizing uprightness to educate contemplations and activities show quality of power toward oneself. Quality of activity is created through distinguishing the vital devices, assets, accomplices, and supporters important to finish the mission. Individual and expert competency, obligation, responsibility, and persistent expert improvement show quality of activity. Promotion for others and group association exhibit quality of activity. Quality of connections is produced by regarding others, discovering esteem in their individual commitments, working in groups and gatherings to perform basic objectives, and supporting and aiding companions and partners to attain their individual destinations. Communicating appreciation to others and partaking and servi ng in the group exhibit of quality. One should attempt to live as per his/her individual values in all that he/she do, all that one say, and everything that an individual is every day. Individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s qualities are conveyed with him/her and shade oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s communications with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family, with companions, with partners, with customers, with subordinates, and inside my group (Dahlvig and Longman 2010).. Since these qualities speak to my individual convictions, they are multi-situational and might be connected to all my activities and exercises. When an individual end up off track, he/she should return to and reflect upon these qualities, and should work to discover a come back to the way and refocus on the targets and the mission. Upon careful observation it is seen that leaders dont let issues turn into an issue. However a normal person infrequently permit disappointments to decrease his/her feeling of self-esteem or sense of pride. In researching authority hypotheses and exploration, it have been discovered that there are numerous similitudes and replications of plans offered by a multitude of masters and advisors excessively extensive to list. It should be noted that administration aptitude is not created quickly, yet that rather it is an everyday process. The total of an individual instruction and encounters, improved by keeping in mind various point of views and perceptions. In this essay, parts of authority have been concentrated that should be considered responsible for most oblige advancement to empower oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s accomplishment. One should secure a beginning stage to guide him/her through the advancement process. This particular arrangement should be changed and adjusted as needed by life and circumstances. It is key, be that as it may, to start. By starting oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own adventure further allowing an individual to reinforce his/her qualities of activities. Abilities prompti ng quality of strength toward oneself will be created through a procedure of arranging my business, individual, group, and family cooperationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and exercises as per the estimations of dependability and respectability. One should appreciate others and need to win and keep up their admiration and trust, to win their hearts and gain experience from it .To the best of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s capacity, an individual should create a life fortified by uprightness. In this methodology, it is important to characterize and comprehend respectability. The saying honesty is characterized as adherence to good and moral standards, the soundness of good character, and the state of being entire, whole, or undiminished. An individual idea of respectability, in any case, is determined from the beginning of the expression, from the Latin descriptive word number, which implies entire or complete. At the point when utilized within this authority advancement arrange, the significance of respectability will be guided by the definition that uprightness is a state of being entirety (Editors 2011). Just by carrying on with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life in keeping with oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s qualities and based after applying standards of honesty in thought and activity to be able to hope to end up and remain an entire individual (Javitch 2009). This implies that one cant have any significant bearing and one should set some standards to oneself and anticipate that others will show higher standards. An individual cant make a difference on set of models towards the customers and partners and an alternate set to oneself. While the contrasting needs of customers require customized results and conclusions, one cant form his/her counseling counsel and administrations by applying set of principles of trustworthiness to one customer and an alternate set of norms to an alternate. Competency, obligation, and responsibility require not just to settle on dependable decisions and choices, additionally that an individual show quality of activity by doing what one resolves to do. In collaborating with customers and others, one must make just those duties that one can satisfy. This will be a test for me; it is extremely troublesome for a free expert to decay any income creating open door, and one is substantially well-suited to consequently make a guarantee and after that evaluate how to satisfy it. An individual should perceive that over the long haul this is flighty expert conduct that may get to be hindering to my business. Before making a pledge, one should work on creating an arrangement for every customer and each one undertaking based upon an audit of my aptitudes, my accessible assets, and my time responsibilities so as to guarantee an individual can ably help. One should additionally apply this activity in private connections since my private life is very incorporated with my expert life. Putting arrangements, targets, turning points, and expected r esults in composing preceding presentation to customers is an important practice, yet one should work upon additionally creating an action plan week by week survey forms for every customer and each present task. One should finish these surveys, make changes to undertakings and calendars as obliged, and convey the status genuinely and completely to customers, to subordinates, and to others included in and helping ventures (Johns and Moser, 2012). This extra process and correspondence configuration will permit a person to alter and modify task arranges as needed, without unnecessarily endangering the accomplishment of the venture. Sweeping appreciation and the interpretation of appreciation, is an underrated quality. Utilizing the words thank you and please builds the inspiration of adherents. Much of the time communicating appreciation requires little exertion, yet this fact is exceedingly genuine to those on the less than desirable end. It should be realized that individuals like appreciation in light of the fact that not rarely they will thank anyone for sending a note thanking them. This shows the force of little things and little courtesiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ can create the quality of connections by guaranteeing that a leader watch and distinguish little things, and suitably express appreciation for them. Leaders who cant perceive and recognize the commitments of adherents and prize them adequately wont be effective. It is compelling that leaders are the individuals who perceive and reward the commitments of others. A leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s straightforward articulation of appreciation is never wrong. References Biro, M. (2012). 5 Leadership Behaviors Loyal Employees Trust, Canberra: Penguin. 27. Dahlvig, E. Longman, A. (2010). Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Leadership Development: A Study of Defining Moments, Christian Higher Education, 9(3), 238-258. Editors (2011). American Heritage of the English Language (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt. Javitch, G. (2009). Ten Characteristics of Superior Leaders, Entrepreneur, Oxford: Oxford Publishing House, 38-9. Johns, E. Moser, R. (2011). From Traits to Transformation: The Evolution of Leadership Theories, Education, 110(1), 115-122. 1

Food and Power A Female Struggle in The Woman Warrior - Literature Essay Samples

In Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior, conflicts involving hunger are clearly of significance, appearing throughout every chapter of her memoir from â€Å"No Name Woman† to â€Å"A Song for a Barbarian Reed Pipe.† Paul Outka’s â€Å"Publish or Perish: Food, Hunger and Self-Construction in The Woman Warrior† argues that Kingston uses food to symbolize body and mind; while food fulfills physical need, it also represents desire and aspirations. More specifically, Outka believes the narrator Maxine struggles with adhering to the traditional Chinese expectations of women (her physical need) while being unrestrained in her expression of identity through writing The Woman Warrior (her non-physical desires). While not explicitly disagreeing with Outka’s interpretation, I would like to take Kingston’s use of food in a different direction: toward defining one’s identity through their power over food. Kingston uses female struggles w ith food to thread a common issue through the novel, an issue faced by No Name Woman, Fa Mulan, Brave Orchid and eventually Maxine. By understanding each woman’s individual struggles with food, we come to learn more about each woman’s unique identity. Therefore, triumphs over food within Chinese culture reflect each woman’s power, or lack thereof: Kingston proves that female power is a culmination of physical and mental strength. No Name Woman’s lack of control over food, through her struggle with Chinese societal norms, results in her existence being erased and her soul left eternally hungry, the ultimate debasement of power. When explaining No Name Woman’s adultery through the perspective of the villagers, Kingston says, â€Å"Adultery, perhaps only a mistake during the good times, became a crime when the village needed food.† Therefore, No Name Woman’s fatal violation of societal norms is creating another female mouth to feed during famine, rather than the sexual immorality of her actions; the severity of adultery – wavering between â€Å"mistake† and â€Å"crime† – depends solely on food availability. No Name Woman, living with her own family, is perhaps cast away from her husband’s household for the same reason her child brings along her demise. Women are a waste of resources, especially when food is scarce. This ideology crushes No Name Woma n under its immense weight, like the Sitting Ghost pressed upon Brave Orchid’s chest, â€Å"absorbing her energy and getting heavier† (69). Bringing upon a figurative curse of death upon her family – she â€Å"killed us† – and being shunned and rejected by her community, No Name Woman is left unimaginably ashamed and nearly powerless, a â€Å"dead ghost† who had â€Å"never been born† (14). Unable to cope with the hatred of her reality, No Name Woman uses her last token of power, her physical body, to enact revenge on the villagers through her â€Å"spite suicide, drowning herself in the drinking water† (16). No Name Woman’s defeat by the village’s expectations surrounding food and women cost her life and honor, but her true punishment, her true loss of power, comes after death and continues through generations of silence. No Name Woman’s village deliberately denies her existence and kinship to reflect her â€Å"crime† upon her forgotten soul, sentencing the aunt to a desolate eternity of hunger. Imagining No Name Woman’s afterlife, Kingston explains, â€Å"Her betrayal so maddened them, they saw to it that she would suffer forever, even after death. Always hungry, always needing, she would have to beg food from other ghosts† (16). By reintroducing the conflict of hunger in her afterlife, Kingston reveals that No Name Woman never escapes the repercussions of her defeat by the Chinese ideology of food. To the villagers, No Name Woman’s daughter, a blasphemous waste of food, threatens to worsen the hunger of everyone in the community; â€Å"could people who hatch their own chicks and eat the embryos†¦could such people engender a prodigal aunt?† (6). They choose to punish the aunt by enforcing and magnifying that same threat upon her afterlife, leaving her gh ost as hungry as they imagine the village would become. The tragic and chilling truth, however, is that being subjected to starvation in the equivalent of a Chinese hell is not the full extent of No Name Woman’s punishment, nor is it the most heart wrenching. What else can you take from a woman who loses her honor, her life, her child, and her family? No Name Woman’s kin refuse to say her name. The aunt’s last bastion of power, the memory and story of her existence, is repressed and forgotten as though she had â€Å"never been born†; Kingston admits, â€Å"there is more to this silence: they want me to participate in her punishment. And I have† (16). No Name Woman is an entity completely removed of all power (although the vast majority of women in China had little to begin with). She is left physically weakened before death, but mentally – her thoughts, beliefs, and memory of her life – made nonexistent, until Kingston breaks the cycl e of punishment by writing â€Å"No Name Woman.† If No Name Woman displays the loss of power that follows the constraints of food in Chinese society, then Fa Mu Lan depicts the opposite, a story of liberation and discovery that follows domination over food. Fa Mu Lan’s survival training grants triumph over food by allowing her to repress hunger, granting the mental and physical strength to become an unworldly woman warrior. Unlike the erased memory of No Name Woman, Fa Mu Lan’s successes are proudly passed down for generations. After her enlightening encounter with a vision of two golden, multiethnic dancers, Fa Mu Lan attributes the experience to hunger: â€Å"It would seem that this small crack in the mystery was opened, not so much by the old people’s magic, as by hunger† (27). By surviving in barren wilderness, Fa Mu Lan conquers food by overcoming her body’s starvation; the completion of her â€Å"survival test† proves she is no longer dependent on the male-driven Chinese society to feed her (28). This defeat of hunger, prompting the â€Å"crack in the mystery† to widen, opens Fa Mu Lan’s mind, granting her the mental strength and capacity that contributes to her immense power . She now comprehends the complexity of time, â€Å"spinning and fixed like the North Star,† perceives the precious equality of all humanity, â€Å"how peasant’s clothes are golden,† and foresees a strange â€Å"machine-future† (27). As Fa Mulan realizes that her mental strength, and therefore power, comes from defeating food, the hunger segment of her training ends. Fa Mu Lan’s triumph over hunger, opening her mind to grand insights, serves as the gateway to attaining her physical strength, the other component of female power. Only after completing her â€Å"survival test† can she begin her dragon training, in which she â€Å"worked every day† to strain and empower her body – even â€Å"exercising in the downpour† during the rain (29). After completing her training, Fa Mu Lan’s relationship with food persists through her journey and battles, allowing her to slay corrupt barons and overthrow an evil emperor; †Å"when I get hungry enough, then killing and falling are dancing too† (27). By triumphing over the social norms of food and women, Fa Mu Lan is able to attain great power through her immense physical and mental prowess, using her power to become the avenging, sword-wielding, woman warrior of legend. Brave Orchid, like Fa Mu Lan, exerts a commanding control over food, but rather than embrace starvation, Brave Orchid balks at it; a woman who can eat anything will never go hungry. During Brave Orchid’s struggle with the Sitting Ghost, she boldly proclaims, â€Å"you are a puny little boulder indeed. Yes, when I get my oil, I will fry you for breakfast† (71). Unfazed, Brave Orchid vows to â€Å"fry you for breakfast,† a proclamation of authority over food; Brave Orchid can and will eat anything, even the powerful, hairy, grotesque beast that threatens to consume her. In a battle between two eaters, who becomes the food? Brave Orchid’s viscous verbal assault on the Sitting Ghost, an onslaught of insults and threats, demonstrates that even when physically overpowered, the mental tenacity gained by her control of food allows her to overwhelm and â€Å"eat† her opponent. The Sitting Ghost itself is ironically a strong eater too, emphasizing Brave Orchi d’s victory; she explains that â€Å"it’s a good thing I stopped it feeding on me, blood and meat would have given it strength to feed on you† (73). Therefore, it is Brave Orchid’s lack of pickiness, her eagerness to eat anything she needs to, that grants her the power to defeat the Sitting Ghost. Decades later as a mother, Brave Orchid remains just as fearless an eater, carrying her control over food from ghost-fighting talk story into daily, family life. When retelling the story of eating monkeys’ brains, Brave Orchid is not disgusted in the slightest, exclaiming, â€Å"you should have seen the faces the monkey made. The people laughed at the monkey screaming† (92). Although seemingly cruel, Brave Orchid’s unabashed storytelling reflects her perspective that anything is food; live monkeys or Sitting Ghosts, nothing is too obscure for her palate. As a response to the belief that women are a waste of food, burdensome â€Å"maggots in the rice,† Brave Orchid’s adaptation is one made for survival in China (43). In order to claim victory over hunger, she must purge her sympathies and readily consume anything if needed. Eating live monkeys is finding food, not torturing souls. This mindset contrasts strongly with Fa Mu Lan’s – to no t kill animals, only eating roots and nuts – exemplifying their differences in triumphs over food. While different paths to this common goal exist, Brave Orchid attempts to enforce her perspective upon her Chinese-American children, â€Å" ‘Eat! Eat!’ my mother would shout at our heads bent over bowls, the blood pudding awobble in the middle of the table† (92). Brave Orchid wants to share her dominance over food with her children, urging them to expand their range of food with the hope that, like her, the children could â€Å"contend against the hairy beasts whether flesh or ghost† (92). To Brave Orchid, her children must be accustomed to eating anything, from raccoons to turtles, because the power that accompanies control over food is vital to surviving in the ghost-filled, foreign land of America. Brave Orchid is a champion, a bold, fearless eater who disregards Chinese norms of food by consuming anything in her path; the power Brave Orchid gains through triumphs over food allows her to defeat all enemies – â€Å"big eaters win† (90). In contrast to Brave Orchid’s dominance over food, Maxine’s relationship with food is unstable, representing her shifting identity and expression of power. When Maxine reflects upon the legend of Fa Mu Lan, she thinks, â€Å"If I could not-eat, perhaps I could make myself a warrior like the swordswoman who drives me. I will – I must – rise and plow the fields as soon as the baby comes out† (48). Maxine imagines herself in control of food, able to â€Å"not eat,† acknowledging that Fa Mu Lan’s power is sourced from her ability to embrace hunger. However, this scenario is unreachable for Maxine. She will never have mystical survival training amongst the white tigers, regardless of how strongly she searches for it; â€Å"My brain momentarily lost its depth perception. I was that eager to find an unusual bird (49). Maxine forfeits this aspiration, conceding to â€Å"rise and plow the fields as soon as the baby comes out,† exposing her fears that being unable to â€Å"not eat† will make Chinese female subservience her fate. Like Maxine’s inability to attain Fa Mu Lan’s control of hunger, her attempts to replicate Brave Orchard’s management of food also ends in failure. When responding to Brave Orchid’s dishes of squid eyes, blood pudding, and strange brown masses, Maxine expresses her revulsion, clearly stating, â€Å"I would live on plastic† (92). Maxine’s preference of inedible plastic to her mother’s cooking, although stated semi-jokingly, strongly emphasizes the contrast between Brave Orchid and Maxine’s view of food. Maxine is a picky eater, incapable of Brave Orchid’s indiscriminate appetite toward anything and everything. Maxine’s American tastes diminish her desire for traditional Chinese staples; she would deny bowls of rice from the old couple in White Tigers, thinking to herself, â€Å"do you have any cookies? I like chocolate chip cookies† (21). The American portion of her identity prohibits her from inheriting Brav e Orchard’s power; Maxine’s taste buds have assimilated. Therefore, Maxine, who cannot escape her reliance on society for food by overcoming starvation like Fa Mu Lan, also fails to embrace her mother’s lack of pickiness when eating. Although Maxine does not dominate or control her food like Fa Mu Lan or Brave Orchid, she still possesses power like a woman warrior. To prove that she has overcome the ideology that women are a waste of food, distancing herself from No Name Woman, Kingston says â€Å"When I visit my family now, I wrap my American successes around me like a private shawl; I am worthy of eating the food† (52). Maxine’s â€Å"American successes,† her academic and literary triumphs, allow her to defeat the stigma that women in Chinese culture are â€Å"maggots in the rice† – declaring she indeed is â€Å"worthy of eating the food† (43). Since she cannot be Fa Mu Lan or Brave Orchid, she attains power by just being Maxine: using her written words to tell her life’s narrative in an attempt to grasp identity. While control over food allows Fa Mu Lan to behead corrupt barons and Brave Orchid to vanquish dangerous Sitting Ghosts, Maxine’s control over w ords empowers her to share her story, exposing the issues of gender, ethnicity, and the dubious nature of an American-Chinese identity. By drawing parallels between control over food and possessing female power (mental and physical strength), we come to understand how conceptions of food and hunger are far more important than simply the need to nourish our bodies. Food is materialistic and elementary, but also profound, self-expressive, and vital to culture; separating groups of people from food does more than keep them hungry, it impacts their identity. This demonstrates why triumphs over the idea that women are a waste of food are so important, granting power to help fill the void created within one’s identity. Therefore, by highlighting the few women warriors who can defeat their society’s resentful attitude toward feeding them, perhaps Kingston aims to reveal a chilling dystopic tragedy: the inescapable strife of the rest of China’s women, more like No Name Woman than Fa Mu Lan, suppressed by the notion of being a burden, an unfortunate waste of food.

Women And Women During World War 2 - 878 Words

In society, men and women serve different task. Usually men do the heavier work, while women do smoother work. Women have a difficult time due to the fact that most men think that women are property, rather than a person. Therefore, women came to the conclusion that they do not want to follow the norm anymore because they know what they are capable of. The term feminism can be defined as women who want to be in the same level of equality in political, economic, and social as men are. Although many people misunderstood the definition, different strategies such as exemplification, comparison and contrast, and negotiation will be shown to help those who are not familiar with this word. To clarify more in depth about the definition, a good example is when women took job positions from men during World War 2. Women were in charge of taking care of their husbands, sons, cooking, and typical house labor. The woman worked as a firefighter, a police cop, a nurse, airplane pilot, any type of j ob someone can think of that is a specific job for men, and women did not limited themselves. But bomb factories needed workers, since men were at war fighting the Japanese. Moreover, they hired women even though they were considered minority to men. Women who worked in the bomb factories worked harder than any other man before, working shifts from 60 to 72 hours and were paid lower wages than men. They also faced horrible working conditions, since the companies at that time did not have theShow MoreRelatedWomen and their Involvement in World War II Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesWomen and their Involvement in World War II Women had a huge role in the World War II that so many do not recognize. Women were involved in many different jobs that allowed them to step out of the ordinary norm as the â€Å"typical housewife†, and dive into fierce hardworking jobs that until then only a man could do. Women jumped into the factories and many different roles that contributed to World War II, because the need for more American workers was crucial. A few roles of women prior to theRead MoreFashion Influenced by Ww21739 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Impact has World War 2 had on Fashion? For this assignment I have been asked to select an aspect of fashion culture to research and investigate. I have decided to base my assignment on World War 2 and investigate the impact it has had on fashion culture as a whole. I have chosen a history based theme for my assignment as I personally believe that history plays a main part in todays fashion culture, and I also think it is very interesting to see how designers today revive fashion from the pastRead MoreRole Of Women After Ww2 And How Did This Change After?831 Words   |  4 Pagesrole of women before ww2 and how did this change after? Before World War 2 commenced, women s roles in Australia were extremely different to now. The Australian government believed that women were not needed to perform in any sort of military service, however, once the war began it was thought otherwise (Ergo.slv.vic.gov.au, 2015). The roles of women changed significantly during this time, specifically around the 1940 s. The social, political, and economic rights for Australian women were allRead MoreEssay about American Minorities during World War II1446 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the time of World War II, there was a dramatic change in the society of America and its way of life. Men were needed at war and the women were left at home. People were mistrusted and were falsely accused of something they didn’t do. Some people were even pushed away because they were different. These people were the minorities of America. Some of the minorities it affected the most were the African Americans, women, Japanese Americans, and even young adults. What is a minority? A minorityRead MoreThe Role Of Women During World War I907 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Women In War. The role of women in war has varied significantly throughout British History. During world War 1 womens role was constricted as many worked in the industry of textiles , knitting and munitions. This said they played a pivotal role in the war effort as 23.8 million in britain were all working. Voluntary and paid positions were taken up as unfamiliar roles to women, Nevertherless this was recquired in order to sustain the living of many families. World War 1 illustratedRead MoreThe Experiences Of Australian Women1114 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences of Australian women in both World War 1 and World War 2 were similar but also different. WWI was fought from 1914 to 1918, and WW2 was fought from 1939 to 1945. These were the biggest military conflicts in the history of man. The main areas of change in Australian women around these times were employment, roles and positions in the war, and the attitudes towards women at these times. In WW1, the main occupation for Australian women was nur sing. In World War 2, however, women were given the opportunityRead MoreWomens Role During World War 11 Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Role During World War II During World War II, thousands of women in various nations were deeply involved in volunteer work alongside men. Before World War II, the women’s role was simply to be a wife to her husband, a mother to her children, and a caretaker to the house (Barrow). As World War II raged on, women made enormous sacrifices for their family, and also learnt new jobs and new skills. Women were needed to fill many â€Å"male jobs†, while men went off to fight in the war. Women served withRead MoreWomen in World War 2888 Words   |  3 Pagesyoung women working to help the war effort. It was 1941 and the United States finally entered World War II. Most propaganda of the United States encouraged the average women to join the workforce and help with the war effort. With men fighting abroad, it was only necessary for women to start working and leave their normal lives of being a mother and wife. The War Department of the United States emphasized that with women working hard their sons, b rothers, and husbands could return quicker (Women atRead MoreEssay American Women of World War II1120 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1939, women were looked at as weak, incompetent and incapable of doing a man’s job. However, when World War II broke out, women were called to maintain the jobs that the men once occupied and t became evident that America’s best chance for success in World War II would have to include the efforts of American females. Women played a key role during World War II in the U.S. More than six million women took wartime jobs in factories, three million volunteered with the Red Cross, and over 200Read MoreWestern Culture : World War 2 : How Has It Affected Our Culture Today?1510 Words   |  7 PagesWestern Culture: World War 2: How has it affected our Culture Today? In the mid-twenties, the world was affected by a numerous amount of significant wars, but the one that I will be focusing on is known as World War 2 (WW2). WW2 started 21 years after World War 1 from 1939 to 1945. It was an extremely deadly war, one of the deadliest wars in war history to be exact. According to the textbook, Handbook for the Humanities during its six-year period the war left over seventeen million soldiers and

Critique of the Play Blood Wedding - 528 Words

Critique Of The Play Blood Wedding Introduction This work in writing conducts a critique of the play entitled Blood Wedding written by Federico Garcia Lorca. Blood Wedding is a 1933 tragedy in three acts and seven scenes. The characters in this play are archetypes including the severe over-protective mother, the handsome Groom, the young furtive Bride. Theme This play is about a young woman who is to marry but is unwillingly trapped by her love for another man, Leonard, who married her cousin with whom he has one child and another on the way. The Bride in this play wants desperately to marry the Bridegroom and wants to love him. The mother in this play has lost one son who was killed by a knife so she is very adverse to knives of any kind whatsoever. Settings and Design The elements of the play in terms of the settings and design of the stage evoked precisely the moods that Federico Garcia Lorca attempted to evoke when his play was written. The poetry in the play accentuates the actions of the actors as the play progresses forward to the wedding and at every juncture to invoke the change in the emotional aspects of the play. For example, when the maid is preparing the bride for the wedding the song (poetry) is happy and celebrative however, in the last act of the play the poetry is dark and foreboding. The Struggle The play tells of a struggle between what one wants for themselves in terms of their future life and what the heart wants as it tugsShow MoreRelatedA Critical Analysis of Blood Wedding578 Words   |  2 Pagesstory of the blood wedding is about a pending wedding between the Groom and the Bride. The mother of the grooms husband, and father of the Groom, is murdered by a member of the Felix family, which so happens to be the same family of an ex of the Bride. Prior to the wedding, the Bride runs off with her ex, a man named Leonard Felix, and this sends the Groom into a rage. He takes off after Leonardo and the Groom and Leonardo end up killing one another. The Bride returns to the wedding in a dress coveredRead MoreThe Movie The Godfather 1537 Words   |  7 Pageswritten by Author Mario Puzo. The film plays out in the beginning how Don Corleone declined to join the narcotics business with notorious drug lord Sollozzo. With this in mind, one of the greatest gangster films created by a man who decided to lead, and not follows. Moreover, explaining the formalist approach for this film which covers an array of elements that include plot structure, camera techniques, editing, mise en scene, and sound. The following film critique will analyze â€Å"The Godfather,† beginningRead MoreGifted Mr Ripley And Othello1180 Words   |  5 Pagesinsecurities and overreactions. The reverence for social hierarchy fuels the desire for a greater reputation, perpetuating discrimination and prejudice within society. The Elizabethan society believed ranking within the social class was based of birth and blood, depicting the limited opportunities for advancements especially for individuals on a lower social scale.The initial depiction of Othello is illustrated through the condescending language, â€Å"thick-lips,(1.1.66)† and anthropomorphism, â€Å"you’ll have yourRead More What is scary in Frankenstein? Essay examples2117 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is scary in Frankenstein? In her 1831 introduction Mary Shelley relays her task, to â€Å"awaken thrilling horror- none to make the reader dread to look round, to curdle the blood, and quicken the beatings of the heart.† In the nineteenth century, horror, fear and disgust were the proper responses to creations that failed to conform to neoclassical aesthetic ideals of unified ideals, harmonious composition of parts in simple regularity and proportion. Victor’s overwhelming feelings of horror Read MoreThe Troubled Relationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet1700 Words   |  7 PagesRelationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Claudius murders his brother, the King of Denmark, and subsequently usurps the Danish throne. Shattering the purity of the royal family, he allures Queen Gertrude into an incestuous wedding so hastily that â€Å"The funeral baked meats / Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables† (I.ii.180-1). Lost in this sullied household is Prince Hamlet, shrouded in the black of mourning, who condemns his mother’s quick, lustful willingness to marryRead MoreWilliam Blake’s  Revolution 3088 Words   |  13 Pagessister!† (28). The presence of the speaker’s sister is only acknowledged so that he can express his desire to see his old self in her. The individual is far and away the dominant subject of this poem. Indeed, the speaker suggests that the individual plays a role in the very creation of the landscape which has come to view. In context, the following lines suggest that mere perception of the landscape is impossible. Ear lier in the poem, the speaker recounts how the landscape made him feel five years previousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Things I Should Have Said 1834 Words   |  8 PagesCritiques Stan: Stan’s strength in writing comes from his sense of play and adventure. There is a confidence and consistency in his voice though I think his work would benefit from trusting the reader more. Stan sometimes might spend too much time explaining or fleshing out a particular scene in a way that is redundant while other times, I wanted more setup. For instance, in â€Å"On the Things I Should Have Said†, I felt there was a tangle of too many characters and names without a proper introductionRead MoreReview and Critique of: Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective A book by Caroline Bretell Carolyn Sargent3517 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿ Review and Critique of: Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective A book by Caroline Bretell Carolyn Sargent By Introduction In this book the focus is on how gender is constructed around the world. The book demonstrated many different areas in which women either ruled or ruled together with man. It leaves people with hope that the world is capable of an equalitarianism society. Many topicsRead More Extreme Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice2357 Words   |  10 Pagesthan poisoning her, because of a sexual sado-masochistic transference involving smothering while suckling at the mother?s breast (Faber 176-78). Misogyny, castration complexes, and disembodied superegos abound. The most striking thing about the critiques, however, is that the character is inevitably discussed as if he possesses an independent existence ... to the point that a childhood is reconstructed, and conjectured attitudes are treated as established fact on the strength of the words and actionsRead MoreBook Report/Character Analysis on the Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights by John Steinbeck5483 Words   |  2 2 Pages but he does not think twice upon the matter. Towards the earlier period of Arthur’s rule, Merlin takes Arthur to the Lady of the Lake. She gives Arthur a sword, Excalibur, along with a magical scabbard that protects the wearer from any loss of blood. In return, Arthur must agree to grant her a favor which she will ask of him at a future date. Arthur agrees and takes his new possessions back to Camelot. Shortly after, Merlin prophesizes that Arthur’s son, Mordred, will grow up to destroy Arthur

When You Think Of The Word Democracy You Think About A

When you think of the word democracy you think about a politics. I am not a fan of politics at all but when someone says democracy, I think of a system of government that the population votes in a candidate through elected representatives. The schooling system does a good job noftying children that their vote counts. These are the rights that everyone has to fight about because they are very important. People always fight for the right to vote and their voice to be heard. The word democracy just does not mean that citizens are only being heard it also means that the democracy needs to listen to the voice. I also think that democracy means that not only are you able to vote and your voice to be heard it means we as a democracy have a huge†¦show more content†¦There would be no improvement in the country if there was no democracy. I think that is it very important to have one because a country cannot thrive if others opinions are not adhered. Democracy is really what you put i nto it After reading Dewey/Counts my perspective of democracy has changed dramatically. Reading those articles, I was more informed of what the democracy is. John Dewey dedicated his whole career to try to make Americans stay away from the â€Å"State-Centric.† He really wanted to make sure people were educated on democracy. If people are not educated correctly everything can be a disaster. As stated before it is so important for the education system to make sure students are getting educated enough that they are confident enough to be able to vote or speak up in any type of situation. America is home of the free and I really think people need to realize that and make sure they know their rights and wrongs. â€Å"Thus Dewey sought to conceptualize democracy as a mode of being a way of life, or as a personality formation. He argued that even if all of the right external structures were in place if there was little to no prior development of the democratic moral ideals within persons that make up American Democracy, more and more of its people would devolve into mere empty-shelled democratic citizens.† (John Dewey) Dewey describesShow MoreRelatedThe United States Lost The War1056 Words   |  5 Pagesit’s 1939 and word hits you that war is waging throughout Europe. Now imagine being called off to war because the United States decided to join the war effort. Everyone else signed up and those who weren’t were drafted. Now imagine being on the front line. Bombs explode around you and bullets whizzing by your head as you try to take out the enemy. Suddenly everything turns black and you find you cannot wake up from this deathly sleep. Your mother and father are devastated as they bury you. What if yourRead MoreTrials Are A Time For Debate997 Words   |  4 Pagesdecision about the fate of the person on trial? The trial of Socrates was highly lacking sufficient evidence. Towards the end of the trial, the Democrats started offering much more evidence as to why Socrates was guilty of the charges, but the Socratics and Oligarchs were still failing to present sufficient evidence to back up their plea of innocence. In the beginning, I was almost positive that I was going to vote that Socrates was innocent, but after the session, as I thought about it more andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Harper Article 867 Words   |  4 Pages DFW’s thesis in the Harper’s article is about how he glorifies Bryan A. Garner’s dictionary because it challenges the difference between Democracy and Authority. It helps people understand why language is important, why we shouldn’t end a sentence with a preposition and why/how different dialects can be helpful to know throughout a person’s life. Throughout the article DFW uses harshness, wittiness, empathy, sympathy and some bold words to affectively get his points a crossed to the reader. Read MoreThe Articles Of Confederation During The Revolutionary War1075 Words   |  5 Pages What is Democracy? Direct democracy can be defined as a system of democracy in which citizens participate in the majority of legislation; therefore, granting them political self-determination. A representative democracy (also indirect democracy) is a form of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people. A direct democracy has leaders that are chosen specifically by â€Å"The People†. There is no Electoral College, or elected officials, to cast the votes of theRead MoreDemocracy And American Politics : Wealth Vs. Want1246 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment # 1 Democracy and American Politics. 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Another individual explained how they never discuss intercultural issuesRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Social Media991 Words   |  4 PagesWhen someone says the words â€Å"social media†, many people immediately think about posts and likes, comments and messages, a way to connect with your friends from far away and other positive thoughts. However, some of our political leaders have been using social media to their advantage, using sites such as twitter to influence people to vote for their party. Fake news also is very easy to spread on social media, causing propaganda to increase in our society. In our democratic society, we believe thatRead More Irving Kristols Pornograpy, Obscenity, and hte Case for Censorship1108 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes major claims throughout the course of his essay. A few examples of these major claims are in paragraphs [7-9] when he uses a story about an old man in a hospital ward, dying an agonizing death. The old man loses contr ol of his bowels, and they empty themselves on him. Kristol states that this is a private moment that should be kept private. Kristol asks the reader to think about this sad scenario and what it would be like to see this on television. Kristol relates the claim to sex, sayingRead MoreAmerican Culture And Morals Of Its Citizens Essay785 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the most mind-controlled countries on the planet. Americans talk about with religious dedication about how they have freedom and democracy. In America, truth is not the highest ideal or passion. Neither is freedom or democracy. The country is governed by a sense of moral authoritarianism†. It s all about conformity and obedience to authority and the manufactured consensus. Basically, you are taught to believe whatever you are told by authority, the media, and the consensus, even if it doesnRead More America Needs Censorship Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesBeing frustrated is disagreeable, but the real disasters in life begin when you get what you want. For almost a century now, a great many intelligent, well-meaning and articulate people have argued eloquently against any kind of censorship of art and entertainment. Within the past twenty years, courts and legislatures have found these arguments so persuasive that censorship is now a relative rarity in most states. Is there triumphant exhilaration in the land? Hardly. Somehow, things have not worked

Abraham Lincoln s President Of The United States

On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln took his first oath of office as President of the United States. On the East Portico of the new Capitol Building, Lincoln directed his voice not to the people in the crowd, but to the people of the seven states which had seceded from the Union just days before. He stood in the shadow of the Capitol’s half-finished dome, a symbol of the severe division within the nation. Mr. Lincoln would be met with great hardship and ambiguity throughout his two terms as president. He knew â€Å"a house divided among itself cannot stand.† What, then, was the solution? A war between the Northern Union and Southern rebels. His second inauguration, delivered just days before the surrender of the South, was spoken with a sense of†¦show more content†¦He used his first inaugural address to declare his constitutional intentions, especially given the anxiety in the Southern states over the protection of their slaves, and to explain the nature of the national Union. Although Lincoln hated slavery and consistently argued against its expansion, he was not an abolitionist at first. Lincoln recognized the fragile condition of the country on the eve of the fighting, and therefore did not seek the repeal of the notorious (but constitutional) Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which required that escaped slaves be returned to their masters in the South. A repeal of that law meant that reconciliation with the South would be impossible. He announced that he would not interfere with slavery where it already existed, and pledged to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act—a key issue for seceding states. Lincoln then declared the Union of these States is perpetual (AHR 476, line 4) and added no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union,† (AHR 476, line 27). Why? He believed that all governments by their very nature existed in perpetuity. Even if one man or a group of people assumed the United States was not government proper, but rather an association of states, all the states collectively would need to agree to dissolve their association. He also believed that the existence of the American Union was around long before the constitution, demonstrating that the States intended to

A Walk to Remember free essay sample

When I was 17, my life changed forever. I’m 57 years old, but even now I can remember everything from that year, down to the smallest details. I relieve that year often in my mind, bringing it back to life, and I realize that when I do, I feel a strange combination of joy and sadness†¦. this is my story; I promise to leave nothing out. First you will smile, then you will cry—don’t say you haven’t been warned. ’’ Written by an international bestselling author and my personal favorite Nicholas sparks, comes a tale of true love, first love and everlasting love that you will never forget! A walk to remember’ is most definitely my favorite book of all time. The tale begins with a 57 year old Landon Carter, looking back at the year of 1958 set in, North Carolina. He remembers every single thing in that year. From the smell of both the sea and lilacs to the girl that changed everything in his life forever. He and his group of friends dared another teenager to jump into a pool of water, where he instantly became injured and his body became paralyzed (Movie-Gazette 1). Landon was caught being involved in this prank and was given community service work to do, which included tutoring children on weekends and being forced to participate in the Drama Club’s spring play. This is how he met Jamie Sullivan, who is very unpopular and the exact opposite of Landon. Jamie is very focused and serious. She is involved in many activities and had goals for her life. At first, Landon didn’t really talk to Jamie and was embarrassed to be around her. But as time went on, Landon realized he loved her confidence and goals, and ended up falling in love with her. They ended up getting very close and Jamie ended up sharing her goals with Landon, such as being in two places at once, getting a tattoo, witnessing a miracle, etc. Landon made each of her goals come true in this movie. Jamie finally told Landon she had leukemia and stopped responding to her treatments. This secret caused Landon to fall even more in love with Jamie and the rest of the movie was incredibly emotional and moving (Imbd 1-2). The movie A Walk to Remember is based on the novel by Nicholas Sparks. Nicholas Sparks was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1965. He majored in Business Finance and graduated with High Honors from Notre Dame in 1988. He married now living in North Carolina with his wife Catherine and their five children. Nicholas Sparks has mesmerized his readers with romantic novels since 1996 (Authorsontheweb 1-3). Sparks wanted to create a story with multiple themes such as spirituality, power, beauty, and innocence of first love. He created two young characters (Landon and Jamie) that were on a very personal level defined by Sparks’ own morals and values. He wanted Landon and Jamie to be deeply in love, but without the intimacy that normally accompanies in such deep love. Nicholas Sparks also wanted the novel to show the power of faith, and he believes that in the end, redemption was one of the more powerful elements in the novel (NicholasSparks 1-2). This movie was directed by Adam Shankman and produced by Denise DiNovi and Hunt Lowry from Warner Brother’s Pictures. The movie came out in the year 2002 and was filmed in Wilmington, North Carolina. The intended audience for A Walk to Remember is mainly teenagers and younger girls; however it’s a great movie for anyone because of the many lessons in it (Imbd 2). The producer was trying to get the point across that people can change for the better, such as Landon has and that love is truly out there (Movies. go 1). In the beginning of this novel, Landon Carter only cared for himself and constantly sinned. He and his friends were hell-raisers at school, they drank all the time, didn’t listen to their parents or any adults, and were considered the â€Å"bad boys† of high school. One of the biggest sins he had done was daring the new kid at school to jump in a pond. The boy ended up severely hurt right away and his body was paralyzed. Landon and his friends did not want to get into trouble, so they just left him there (Movie-Gazette 1). Before Landon and Jamie became close, Jamie was also being sinned against by Landon. He thought she was a huge nerd and wasn’t worth his time. Landon thought he was better than Jamie only because he was popular and she wasn’t. He would ignore her and make it apparent that he didn’t want to be around her. Then he started being friendly towards her, but was embarrassed, so he wouldn’t acknowledge her at school. When Landon’s friends were around, he called Jamie names, even though he knew it wasn’t right. (Movie-Gazette 1). I believe the cause of Landon’s sin is peer pressure. He was in the cool crowd and wanted to fit in. He loved being the center of attention, so in order to do that, he sometimes had to play cruel pranks on people, call people names, or talk about them behind their backs. Popularity also was a major part of why Landon sinned. Landon’s friends were â€Å"bad boys†; so he thought he had to be one too. Landon’s wrongdoing was individual sin. In the beginning of the movie, when Landon and his friends were drinking and accidently injured the new kid, his friends had a lot to do with him breaking rules, but it ultimately comes down to him. He knows what is right and what is wrong and only he can decide for himself. Original sin is the condition of sin that marks all humans as a result of Adam’s first act of disobedience (dictionary. reference 1). Landon’s sins could have been prevented. He had the tough attitude and only cared about himself. I do not think it is fair to blame Adam for how Landon acted. Landon did not think before he acted. He sent a boy to the hospital, he intentionally hurt people’s feelings, etc. Landon needed better moral values and a nicer personality. He could have easily done what’s right, but popularity and being the center of attention was more important to him. The central character in this movie was Landon. Jamie remained the same person from beginning to end, while Landon started out as a shallow, sinful person, whose only goal and care in the world was to have fun. However, he was saved by Jamie. Landon changed his life for the better because of Jamie. Jamie filled Landon with a sense of determination that carried him through the rest of his life. Landon realized everything Jamie had done for him. Although Jamie’s secret of having leukemia was very sad, it was an enormous step for Landon in becoming a sensitive man with goals of his own. When Jamie died, Landon said â€Å"Jamie saved my life. She taught me everything. About life, hope, and the journey ahead. I’ll always miss her. But our love is like the wind. I can’t see it, but I can feel it† (Hotmoviequotes 1). While watching this movie I wondered how a down-to-earth Christian girl could change the life of a worldly, self-centered, popularity oriented, trouble making boy, who wouldn’t ordinarily give a girl like her a second thought. Because Landon got himself in trouble and had to join the Drama Club’s spring play, he had to spend time with Jamie. He needed her help in memorizing his lines, which turns his attention. While spending time with Jamie, he begins paying more attention to just outward appearances. Jamie Sullivan’s strong, confident faith in God, in spite of less than perfect circumstances, shines through, which makes Landon interested and captures his attention. While they become closer, Jamie begins to share her dreams with Landon which inspires him to think about deeper things than where the next party is or whom he can make fun of next. Once he begins thinking about deeper things, he tries to make things right between people he has wronged before in his life, and also begins to think more deeply about God. In one of the scenes, Landon is in his car thinking and driving and a song comes on and it says something like â€Å"When I am confused, in You I find my peace†. Through this part of the movie, you see Landon change from angry, to peace, to tears of joy. He finally found God in his life. Landon’s friendships changed over the time that he had changed. He was a foul mouthed, shallow person in the beginning and hung out with people who were exactly like that. Then he started seeing Jamie, a thoughtful, kind, confident, and peaceful girl. His old friends had a huge problem with Jamie because she was different and wasn’t in the popular crowd. In one of the scenes in the movie, Landon’s ex-girlfriend and his old friends post a picture of Jamie’s face on a naked body and post it all over school just to make fun of and humiliate Jamie. Jamie and the change in Landon ended up affecting some of Landon’s old friends. After watching the movie A Walk to Remember, it is evident that love and having faith can change a person for the better. Landon started out as a selfish, bad boy, who always broke the rules. Once he met the right girl (Jamie), who was thoughtful, spiritual, kind, and strong, he realized there are other people than just him. I think this movie is wonderful and encourage others to see it. In many movies, Christianity is often made to look weak or foolish. A Walk to Remember does not do that in any way, which is very nice. This movie teaches many lessons and had many themes such as the beauty, power, and innocence of love, changing for the better, and the importance of God in your life. This movie is a tragic, yet spiritual love story and is very interesting, touching, and captivating.

The Idler Wheel by Fiona Apple free essay sample

Raw, unsettling, at times both humorous and brutal, and honest, Fiona Apples fourth album, â€Å"The Idler Wheel,† is as reckless as it is enchanting. To describe such a work is an interesting task. Its a blend of pop, jazz, alternative rock, piano – so many subtle and indistinguishable elements that one could say it sounds like everything. Apples voice here is the same as on her previous albums. As a master violinist plays his instrument, and an artist uses lush brushstrokes, Fiona Apple uses her voice. At times it is a dry whisper floating over tepid piano. It can crackle, it can howl, it can lurch like a jaguar in jagged brilliance as it strikes its desperate prey. Undulating dark serenades crescendo under background ripples. It can be clear as glass, only to shatter and break into melting pieces that push to a climax then collapse. The single â€Å"Every Single Night† is a breathless, choking dream ballad that begins the album. We will write a custom essay sample on The Idler Wheel by Fiona Apple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Hot Knife† is a rhythmic thriller, a startling end to an exciting album including meticulous metaphors and lyrics such as â€Å"He excites me/must be like the genesis of rhythm,† which fit intricately within the spaces of the piano and the deep, resounding drums. Fiona Apples newest album is a great altrnative to other pop artists.

The Joy Luck Club Quotes

'The Joy Luck Club' Quotes Amy Tan is best-known for The Joy Luck Club, a collection of vignettes  meant to show how our lives are shaped by the stories we tell. Set in China and the United States, the stories cross the generational divideas mothers and daughters attempt to come to terms with family history, relationships, and that connections between family and nations that are so hard to forge. Here are a few quotes from The Joy Luck Club. Over the years, she told me the same story, except for the ending, which grew darker, casting long shadows into her life, and eventually into mine.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 1Your father is not my first husband. You are not those babies.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 1Even though I was young, I could see the pain of the flesh and the worth of the pain.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 2I was no longer scared. I could see what was inside me.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 3After the gold was removed from my body I felt lighter, more free. They say this is what happens if you lack metal. You begin to think as an independent person.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 3For woman is yin, the darkness within, where untempered passions lie. And man is yang, bright truth lighting our minds.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 4Why do you have to use me to show off? If you want to show off, then why dont you learn to play chess.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 5This house was built to o steep, and a bad wind from the top blows all your strength back down the hill. So you can never get ahead. You are always rolling backward.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 6 I discovered that maybe it was fate all along, that faith was just an illusion that somehow youre in control.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 7My mother had a look on her face that Ill never forget. It was one of complete despair and horror, for losing Bing, for being so foolish as to think she could use faith to change fate.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 7I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of wonts. I wont let her change me, I promised myself. I wont be what Im not.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 8I was determined to put a stop to her foolish pride.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 8Only two kind of daughters. Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind! Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter!- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 8I began to look at all events and all things as relevant, an opportunity to take or avoid.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 9And I remember wondering why it was that eatin g something good could make me feel so terrible, while vomiting something terrible could make me feel so good.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 9 Now that Im angry at Harold, its hard to remember what was so remarkable about him.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 9You are busy. You want to live like mess what can I say?- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 10I saw what I had been fighting for: it was for me, a scared child.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 10And below the heimongmong, all along the ground, were weeds already spilling out over the edges, running wild in every direction.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 11True, cannot teach style. June not sophisticate like you. Must be born this way.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 12I felt tired and foolish, as if I had been running to escape someone chasing me, only to look behind and discover there was no one there.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 12Then you must teach my daughter this same lesson. How to lose your innocence but not your hope. How to laugh forever.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck ClubIn my mothers case, this would be the first day of the lunar new year. And because it i s the new year, all debts must be paid, or disaster and misfortune will follow.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 13 I have always known a thing before it happens.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 14It is because I had so much joy that I came to have so much hate.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 14I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and Chinese character. How could I know these things do not mix?- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 15Why are you attracted only to Chinese nonsense?- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 15Look at this face. Do you see my foolish hope?- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 16And now I also see what part of me is Chinese. It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood.- Amy Tan, The Joy Luck Club, Ch. 16

Controversial Medical Essay Topics - Admissions and What You Can and Cannot Write About

Controversial Medical Essay Topics - Admissions and What You Can and Cannot Write AboutEven though most of the time, the topic of your essay is very important, you should know that there are other controversial medical topics. There are some topics that can affect your acceptance in the program you are applying to, and then there are some topics that will not be as significant of a factor in your admission.If you are going to include a controversial medical topic, you will want to make sure that you are very clear about what your opinion is. It is important to be able to explain exactly what your stance is on the topic. The more straightforward your reasons are for what you think, the better. That is the reason that schools allow this type of research.One of the biggest ways that you can come across a controversial medical topic is if you have already made a very strong impression on the admissions committee. It is really up to you to do a good job with the information you present du ring your application essay.Some of the more controversial topics include research information that you feel could adversely affect your future career. If you want to address that issue, the research topic should have your contact information clearly written on it. This information is why you should always make sure that you have all the contact information written out before you start writing.Another topic that can impact your career focus is the issue of your criminal record. You may believe that your past criminal activity will not affect your ability to get into a certain medical school, but many people have been turned down for admission because of their criminal past. It is important to address this issue even if you have had some negative experiences, so be prepared to discuss your experiences with the university.Even if this is a very difficult topic for you to discuss, you should still put a good amount of thought into it. You want to show that you are well informed on the topic, and you should also keep in mind that what you write on the essay could be the deciding factor. The last thing you want to do is to not include all the facts and just not include an opinion.This is a very important part of your medical education, and you should be ready to address it before you even start reading through the essay. There are some topics that cannot be avoided, but that does not mean that you cannot find a way to express yourself. Use your best judgment and prepare yourself for the truth about the subject.

Bluetooth to Bluetooth Essays

Bluetooth to Bluetooth Essays Bluetooth to Bluetooth Essay Bluetooth to Bluetooth Essay Bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetooth to Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or laptop computers, sending a vCard which typically contains a message in the name field (i. e. , for bluedating or bluechat) to another Bluetooth-enabled device via the OBEX protocol. Bluetooth has a very limited range, usually around 10 metres (32. ft) on mobile phones, but laptops can reach up to 100 metres (328 ft) with powerful (Class 1) transmitters. Bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetooth to Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or laptop computers, sending a vCard which typically contains a message in the name field (i. e. for bluedating or bluechat) to another Bluetooth enabled device via the OBEX protocol. Bluetooth has a very limited range; usually around 10 meters on mobile phones, but laptops can reach up to 100 meters with powerful transmitters.Bluejacking allows phone users to send business cards anonymously using Bluetooth wireless technology. Bluejacking does not involve the removal or alteration of any data from the device. Bluejackers often look for the receiving phone to ping or the user to react. In order to carry out a bluejacking, the sending and receiving devices must be within 10 meters of one another. Phone owners who receive bluejack messages should refuse to add the contacts to their address book. Devices that are set in non-discoverable mode are not susceptible to bluejacking.Mobile phones have been adopted as an everyday technology, and they are ubiquitous in social situations as users carry them around as they move through different physical locations throughout the day. As a communicative device, the mobile phone has been gradually taken up in ways that move beyond merely providing a channel for mediated conversation. One such appropriation is bluejacking, the practice of sending short, unsolicited messages via vCard functionality to other Bluetooth-enabled phones.To choose the recipients of bluejacks, senders complete a scan using their mobile phones to search for the available Bluetooth-enabled devices in the immediate area. A bluejacker picks one of the available devices, composes a message within a body of the phone’s contact interface, sends the message to the recipient, and remains in the vicinity to observe any reactions expressed by the recipient. The messages tend to be anonymous since the recipient has no idea who has sent the bluejack, and the recipient has no information about the bluejacker, except for the name and model of the bluejacker’s mobile phone.Because of Bluetooth’s short-range networking capabilities, bluejacking can only occur between actors who are within 10 meters of each other, which makes this activity highly location-dependent. Contrary to what the name suggests, the bluejack recipient’s phone is not hijacked; that is, the phone is at no time under the control of the bluejacker. We conceptualize bluejacking as a violation of possessional territory. Inspired by Goffman, we propose that the mobile phone is a possessional territory as a result of the intimacy and continued contact between mobile phone users and their phones.A possessional territory, in our usage, is an object that engenders attachment and defense by those who perceive possession and can be referred to as a personal effec t. Possessional territories function egocentrically; that is, they move around with their owners who maintain and exert regulatory control, such as the definition of settings. Since we characterize the mobile phone as a possessional territory, we adapt the category of violation, defined as a temporary incursion where gaining control is not necessarily the goal as a likely and appropriate category of infringement in this context.We also propose that bluejackers are attempting to personalize their experience of public space by engaging in the violation of others’ possessional territories through the act of illicit and anonymous messaging. Visitors to public spaces can engage in habitual behaviors at a specific location, such as picking a favorite parking spot that one can return to on each successive visit, to gain a sense of familiarity to locations that are frequently re-visited.These physical environments then hold enough significance to inspire defense among those who inhabit them and defensive behaviors, which can range from defining a personal space within a conversation or while using a tabletop work-surface. Typically, an inhabitant of a public place tends to personalize a location if he or she feels that the social conventions of a space allow one the license to mark a territory. Bluejackers, however, ignore the conflict between the control exerted by the bluejacker and the lack of defensive measures that can be taken by the recipient when his or her possessional territory is violated.To gain a further understanding of why bluejackers would engage in a practice that disrupts the social conventions of public space, we ask the following research questions: 1. What are the characteristics of the public spaces in which bluejacking occurs? 2. What are the alternative social conventions that might arise from the practice of bluejacking? 3. What implications does this appropriation have for the design of mobile social systems? Origin This bluejack phenomen on started after a Malaysian IT consultant named Ajack posted a comment on a mobile phone forum.Ajack told IT Web that he used his Ericsson cellphone in a bank to send a message to someone with a Nokia 7650. Becoming bored while standing in a bank queue, Ajack did a Bluetooth discovery to see if there was another Bluetooth device around. Discovering a Nokia 7650 in the vicinity, he created a new contact and filled in the first name with Buy Ericsson! ’ and sent a business card to the Nokia phone. A guy a few feet away from me suddenly had his 7650 beep. He took out his 7650 and started looking at his phone. I couldn’t contain myself and left the bank, he says.Ajack then posted the story on a mobile Web site and other people started trying it out. I gave it the name bluejacking (taken from the words Bluetooth and hijacking) and it has just taken off from there. He says bluejacking is common in Malaysia and is happening everywhere there are lots of Bluetooth devices. Bl uejacking has become popular among young people wanting to play practical jokes. A 13-year-old named Ellie from Surrey in the UK has started a dedicated bluejacking site called bluejackq. The site explains what bluejacking is and lso has forums where people can share their bluejacking experiences. BLUEJACKING TECHNOLOGY As we know that bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetooth to Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or laptop computers, sending a vCard which typically contains a message in the name field (i. e. for bluedating or bluechat) to another Bluetooth enabled device via the OBEX protocol. So bluejacking is based on Bluetooth technology which is explained bellow. Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Technology was developed to solve the simple problem of eliminating the connector cable.The idea is to replace the cables that are needed to accompany portable devices carried by many mobile travelers with a low-cost, secure, robust RF link. Orig inally Bluetooth marketed to small handheld devices such as cell phones and laptops. As the Bluetooth standard emerged successfully into society, the world demanded more. It is reported on Lets Go Digital in an article written by Ilse Jurrien that three new Bluetooth products are qualified every day and 10 million Bluetooth units are shipped per week. Bluetooth is so efficient, effective, and secure that even the IEEE approved the 802. 5. 1 Standard for Wireless Person Area Networks based on the Bluetooth specification. What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is defined as a wireless technology that provides short-range communications intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. There are three key features of Bluetooth; robustness, low power, and low cost. The Bluetooth standard provides a uniform structure enabling a wide variety of devices to seamlessly, and wirelessly, connect and communication with each other.Bluetooth devices connect and communicate via RF link through short-range piconets. Bluetooth devices have the ability to connect with up to seven devices per piconet. Each of these devices can also be simultaneously connected to other piconets. The piconet itself is established dynamically and automatically as Bluetooth enables devices enter and leave the range in which its radio operates. The major pro of Bluetooth is the ability to be full duplex and handle both data and voice transmission simultaneously.The differentiation of Bluetooth from other wireless standards such as Wi-fi is that the Bluetooth standard gives both link layer and application layer definitions which support data and voice applications. Bluetooth comes in two core versions; Version 2. 0 + Enhanced Data Rate and Version 1. 2. The primary differences being Bluetooth 2. 0 has a data rate of 3 Mega byte per second whereas Version 1. 2 has only a 1 Mega byte per second data rate. Both are equipped with extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improves voice quality of audio links by allowing retransmissions of corrupted packets.Bluetooth technology operates in the unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band at 2. 4 to 2. 485 GHz, using a spread spectrum, frequency hopping, full-duplex signal at a nominal rate of 1600 hops/sec. Bluetooth is modulated using adaptive frequency hopping (AFH). This modulation has the capability to reduce interference between wireless technologies sharing the ISM band. It does this by having the ability to detect other devices using the ISM band and use only frequencies that are free. The signal itself hops between ranges of 79 frequencies at 1 Megahertz intervals to minimize interference.The devices themselves are categorized into range ability. There are three classes of devices each covering a select range. Class 1 devices are mostly used in industrial cases and have a range of 100 to 300 meters. These devices take more power than the standard devices you and I are accustomed to in our daily routine and therefore are a bit more expensive. Class 2 devices are most commonly found in mobile devices and the most commonly used. Items such as cell phones and printers are Class 2 devices and have a range of 10 to 30 feet and use only 2. milli-Watts of power. Finally, Class 3 devices have the shortest range of up to 1 meter and include devices such as keyboards and a computer mouse. Class three devices therefore require the least amount of power and are in general the lease expensive. Maximum Permitted Power (mW) | Maximum Permitted Power (dBm) | Range (approximate) | Class 1 | 100 mW | 20 dBm | ~100 meters | Class 2 | 2. 5 mW | 4 dBm | ~10 meters | Class 3 | 1 mW | 0 dBm | ~1 meter | 2. 1. 1 Bluetooth Piconets Let’s say you have a typical modern living room with typical modern stuff inside.There’s an entertainment system with a stereo, a DVD player, a satellite TV receiver and a television; there’s also a cordless t elephone and a personal computer. Each of these systems uses Bluetooth, and each forms its own piconet to talk between the main unit and peripheral. The cordless telephone has one Bluetooth transmitter in the base and another in the handset. The manufacturer has programmed each unit with an address that falls into a range of addresses it has established for a particular type of device. When the base is first turned on, it sends radio signals asking for a response from any units with an address in a particular range.Since the handset has an address in the range, it responds, and a tiny network is formed. Now, even if one of these devices should receive a signal from another system, it will ignore it since it’s not from within the network. The computer and entertainment system go through similar routines, establishing networks among addresses in ranges established by manufacturers. Once the networks are established, the systems begin talking among themselves. Each piconet hops randomly through the available frequencies, so all of the piconets are completely separated from one another.Now the living room has three separate networks established, each one made up of devices that know the address of transmitters it should listen to and the address of receivers it should talk to. Since each network is changing the frequency of its operation thousands of times a second, it’s unlikely that any two networks will be on the same frequency at the same time. If it turns out that they are, then the resulting confusion will only cover a tiny fraction of a second, and software designed to correct for such errors weeds out the confusing information and gets on with the network’s business. 2. . 2 The Bluetooth Architecture The Bluetooth architecture is divided into two specifications: the core and the profile specifications. The core specification discusses how the technology works while the profile specification focuses on how to build interoperating device s using the core technologies. The RF Layer The Bluetooth air interface is based on a nominal antenna power of 1mW (0dBm) with extensions for operating at up to 100 mW (20dBm) worldwide. The nominal link range is 10 centimeters to 10 meters, but can be extended to more than 100 meters by increasing the transmit power to 100 mW.The Bluetooth Baseband The basic radio is a hybrid spread spectrum radio that operates in a frequency hopping manner in the ISM band. As stated earlier, the band is divided into 79 one Megahertz channels that the radio randomly hops through while transmitting and receiving data. A piconet is formed when one Bluetooth radio connects to another Bluetooth radio. Both radios then hope together throughout the 79 channels. The Bluetooth radio system supports a large number of piconets by providing each piconet with its own set of random hoping patterns.The Bluetooth frame consists of a transmit packet followed by a receive packet. Each packet can be composed of mult iple slots (1, 3, or 5) of 625 us. Below is a single slot frame. Multi-slot frames allow higher data rates because of the elimination of the turn-around time between packets and the reduction in header overhead. The method which Bluetooth radios connect to each other in a piconet is fairly simple. IT is called a master/slave design. The master radio can be connected up to seven slave radios at any given time.Any Bluetooth radio can become a master or a slave radio. At the time of formation the piconet configuration is determined. Usually, the connecting radio will become the master, although, most devices have a master/slave swap function that allows the roles to be reversed. In order for the piconet to be established by a Bluetooth Radio, the radio must have two parameters available, that is, the hopping pattern of the radio it is to be connected to and the phase within that pattern. All Bluetooth radios have a Global ID which is unique to the system.The master radio shares its Glo bal ID with other radios. The other radios that receive the Global ID become slaves and provide all other radios with the correct hopping pattern. IT is the master who provides the clock offset with the slaves in the piconet, providing the offset into the hopping pattern. Usually, radios not connected to the piconet are in stand-by mode. While in stand-by mode, radios are listen for other radios to find them, which is called Inquiring, and are listening for a request to from a piconet, which is called Paging.In the event a radio issues an Inquire command, a listening radio will respond with an FHS packet that includes the devices Global ID and clock offset to give the inquiring radio at list of available Bluetooth radios within the local range. A Bluetooth radio will page another radio with its Global ID to form a piconet. The radio that was paged will respond with its Global ID and the master radio will pass the radio that was paged and FHS packet. The radio that was paged loads th e paging radio’s Global ID and clock offset in order to join then master’s piconet. . 2 vCard file format vCard is a file format standard for electronic business cards. vCards are often attached to e-mail messages, but can be exchanged in other ways, such as on the World Wide Web. They can contain name and address information, phone numbers, URLs, logos, photographs, and even audio clips. The vCard or Versitcard was originally proposed in 1995 by the Versit consortium, which consisted of Apple Computer, ATamp;T Technologies (later Lucent), IBM and Siemens.In December 1996 ownership of the format was handed over to the Internet Mail Consortium, a trade association for companies with an interest in Internet e-mail. vCard is accompanied by a proposed standard for exchanging data about forthcoming appointments called vCalendar since superseded by iCalendar; the Internet Mail Consortium has issued a statement that it hopes that all vCalendar developers take advantage of the se new open standards and make their software compatible with both vCalendar 1. and iCalendar. The following is an example of a VCard file containing information for one person: BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:2. 1 N:Gump;Forrest FN:Forrest Gump ORG:Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. TITLE:Shrimp Man TEL;WORK;VOICE:(111) 555-1212 TEL;HOME;VOICE:(404) 555-1212 ADR;WORK:;;100 Waters Edge;Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;WORK;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:100 Waters Edge=0D=0ABaytown, LA 30314=0D=0AUnited States of America ADR;HOME:;;42 Plantation St. Baytown;LA;30314;United States of America LABEL;HOME;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:42 Plantation St. =0D=0ABaytown, LA 30314=0D=0AUnited States of America EMAIL;PREF;INTERNET:[emailprotected] com REV:20080424T195243Z END:VCARD vCard defines the following property types: FN, N, NICKNAME, PHOTO, BDAY, ADR, LABEL, TEL, EMAIL, MAILER, TZ, GEO, TITLE, ROLE, LOGO, AGENT, ORG, CATEGORIES, NOTE, PRODID, REV, SORT-STRING, SOUND, URL, UID, VERSION, CLASS, and KEY . Card supports private extensions, with a X- prefix, a number of which are in common usage. Some of these include: Extension | Used As | Data | Semantic | extensions supported by multiple different programs | X-ANNIVERSARY | property | YYYY-MM-DD | arbitrary anniversary, in addition to BDAY = birthday | X-ASSISTANT | property | string | assistant name (instead of Agent) | X-MANAGER | property | string | manager name | X-SPOUSE | property | string | spouse name |X-AIM | property | string | Instant Messaging (IM) contact information; TYPE parameter as for TEL (I. e. WORK/HOME/OTHER) | X-ICQ | property | string | | X-JABBER | property | string | | X-MSN | property | string | | X-YAHOO | property | string | | X-GADUGADU | property | string | | X-GROUPWISE | property | string | | introduced and used by Mozilla, also used by Evolution (software) | X-MOZILLA-HTML | property | TRUE/FALSE | mail recipient wants HTML email | introduced and used by Evolution (software) |X-EVOLUTION-ANNIV ERSARY | property | YYYY-MM-DD | arbitrary anniversary, in addition to BDAY = birthday | X-EVOLUTION-ASSISTANT | property | string | assistant name (instead of Agent) | X-EVOLUTION-BLOG-URL | property | string/URL | blog URL | X-EVOLUTION-FILE-AS | property | string | file under different name (in addition to N = name components and FN = full name | X-EVOLUTION-MANAGER | property | string | manager name | X-EVOLUTION-SPOUSE | property | string | spouse name |X-EVOLUTION-VIDEO-URL | property | string/URL | video chat address | X-EVOLUTION-CALLBACK | TEL TYPE parameter value | | callback phone number | X-EVOLUTION-RADIO | TEL TYPE parameter value | | radio contact information | X-EVOLUTION-TELEX | TEL TYPE parameter value | | Telegraphy#Telex contact information | X-EVOLUTION-TTYTDD | TEL TYPE parameter value | | TTY (? ) contact information | 3. HOW TO BLUEJACK Assuming that you now have a Bluetooth phone in your hands, the first thing to do is to make sure that Bluetooth is enab led.You will need to read the handbook of the particular phone (or PDA etc) that you have but somewhere in the Menu item you will find the item that enables and disabled Bluetooth. Now, remember that Bluetooth only works over short distances, so if you are in the middle of Dartmoor then BlueJacking isn’t going to work for you (unless the sheep have mobile phones these days! ) so you need to find a crowd. BlueJacking is very new so not everyone will have a Bluetooth phone or PDA so the bigger the crowd the more likely you will have of finding a victim’.The Tube (yes, Bluetooth works underground), on the train, in a Cafe or standing in line are all good places to start. You will now need to create a new Contact in your Phone Book – however rather than putting someone’s name in the Name field you write your short message instead – so for example rather than creating a contact called Alan Philips you would write – Hey, you have been BlueJacked! instead (or whatever message you want to send) Now select the new contact and from the Menu of the phone choose Send via Bluetooth.This is a facility available within the Mobile Phone that was designed to send a Contact to someone else – useful in Business when trading names and addresses, however we are now going to use it to send our message that was contained in the Name field of the contact – clever eh? Your phone or PDA will start to search the airwaves for other devices that within range. If you are lucky you will see a list of them appear, or it will say that it cannot find any. If the latter happens then relocate to another crowd or wait a while and try again. If you have a list of found devices then let the fun begin.Unfortunately, almost every Bluetooth enabled device will not yet be configured with a useful name – so you are going to have to guess. Some devices will be called by their Phone manufacturer (e. g. Nokia, Sony) or maybe a random string. T ry one at random and look around to see who grabs their phone and then looks perplexed when they read your message If you want to name your Phone so it appears as a name in the list on a BlueJackers phone see how to name our phone . You can build a library of contacts with predefined messages. 3. 1 Mobile The various steps involve in this are as follows: . First press the 5-way joystick down. 2. Then choose options. 3. Then choose New contact 4. Then in the first line choose your desired message. 5. Then press done. 6. Then go to the contact. 7. Then press options. 8. Then scroll down to send. 9. Then choose Via Bluetooth 10. Then the phone will be searching for enabled Devices. 11. Then press Select 3. 2 Personal computers/laptops 1. Go to contacts in your Address Book program (e. g. Outlook) 2. Create a new contact 3. Enter the message into one of the name’ fields 4. Save the new contact 5. Go to the address book . Right-click on the message/contact 7. Go to action 8. Go to Send to Bluetooth 9. Click on other 10. Select a device from the list and double click on it 3. 3 Software tools The procedure for bluejacking as stated or explained earlier are very long and confusing. To avoid this we have developed some software to do bluejacking in an easier way. So by downloading that software on your personal computer or on your Bluetooth configured mobile phone you can do it directly by just searching the enabled Bluetooth device and send unsolicited messages to them.There are many software tools available in the market and there name is according to their use. Some of them are as follows: 3. 3. 1 Bluespam BlueSpam searches for all discoverable Bluetooth devices and sends a file to them (spams them) if they support OBEX. By default a small text will be send. To customize the message that should be send you need a palm with an SD/MMC card, then you create the directory /PALM/programs/BlueSpam/Send/ and put the file (any type of file will work . jpg is always fun) you would like to send into this directory.BlueSpam also supports backfire, if you put your palm into discoverable and connectable mode, BlueSpam will intercept all connection attempts by other Bluetooth devices and starts sending a message back to the sender. 3. 3. 2. Meeting point Meeting point is the perfect tools to search for Bluetooth devices. You can set your meeting point to a certain channel and meet up with people you’ve not met before. Combine it with any bluejacking tools and have lots of fun. This software is compatible with pocket PC, palm, Windows. 3. 3. 3 Freejack Freejack is compatible to java phone like Nokia N-series. . 3. 4. Easyjacking (eJack) Allows sending of text Messages to other Bluetooth enables devices. 3. 3. 5. Proximitymail 3. 3. 6. Freejack 4. USAGE OF BLUEJACKING Bluejacking can be used in many fields and for various purposes. The main fields where the bluejacking is used are as follows: Busy shopping centre Starbucks Train Station Hig h Street On a train/ tube/ bus Cinema Cafe/ restaurant/ pub Mobile phone shop Electronics shop (e. g. Dixons) The main use of bluejacking tools or bluejacking is in advertising purpose and location based purpose.Advertising on mobile devices has large potential due to the very personal and intimate nature of the devices and high targeting possibilities. We introduce a novel B-MAD system for delivering permission-based location-aware mobile advertisements to mobile phones using Bluetooth positioning and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Push. We present a thorough quantitative evaluation of the system in a laboratory environment and qualitative user evaluation in form of a field trial in the real environment of use.Experimental results show that the system provides a viable solution for realizing permission-based mobile advertising. 4. 1 Bluetooth location based system In terms of location proximity detection for mobile phone users the obvious choice is Bluetooth which, despit e previous predictions of its demise, is in fact increasing its growth and Nokia is predicting a year-on year increase of 65% in 2006. There are already a small number of mobile Bluetooth proximity applications in existence which are often described as mobile social software (MoSoSo) and can be viewed as evolutions of Bluejacking.Bluejacking was/is a phenomenon where people exploit the contacts feature on their mobile phone to send messages to other Bluetooth enabled devices in their proximity. Bluejacking evolved into dedicated software applications such as Mobiluck and Nokia Sensor which provided a simpler interface, and in the case of Nokia Sensor, individual profiles could be used to initiate a social introduction. In terms of this particular application it could be regarded as a business orientated application of the Bluejacking phenomenon.Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the use and benefits of Bluetooth as demonstrated in the widespread use of Bluetooth dongles th rough which the users can connect their desktop machines to these devices. Other initiatives for Bluetooth have been seen in the automotive and medical industries in that manufactures have begun to include Bluetooth access in cars and medical monitoring equipment. According to analysts [11], Bluetooth is currently present in 65% of all mobile phone handsets thus making a system such as the one described in this paper, a very practical and worthwhile scenario.This location based system enables Bluetooth to be used as a means of targeting users with specialized content in a specific area at a given time. For example, users in a supermarket could be informed about a certain discount offer based upon their purchasing habits. Such messages can be sent to all the users in the area with a Bluetooth enabled mobile handset or PDA. In order that the system can service a diverse range of users and devices no client side application is required thus nothing has to be installed. The information is presented in a very familiar and simple form of a text message.Figure 3 shows the basic layout of a system for transmitting messages to all the devices in a given area. The system uses object exchange protocol (OBEX) over Bluetooth to send the information to target devices. Licensed by Bluetooth SIG from IrDA, OBEX has become even more popular than during its original period as means of transferring business details. OBEX is transport neutral, as with the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), which means that it can work over almost any other transport layer protocol. OBEX is defined as one of the protocols in Bluetooth and sits over RS232 serial cable emulation (RFCOMM) protocol.Moreover, OBEX is a structured protocol which provides the functionality to separate data and data attributes. A clear definition of each request can be given which helps distinguish one request from another. Use of other protocols such as RFCOMM or logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) requ ire the applications sending and receiving information to know how the data is sent and when to send the reply. Like extensible markup language (XML) OBEX provides structure to the data being sent in contrast to other protocols such as RFCOMM which basically send bytes. 4. 2 Bluejacking s a market channel Bluetooth offers a new communications channel to marketers. But the technology needs to be respected if they are to avoid alienating consumers according to a white paper from Rainier PR. Stephen Waddington, managing director of Rainier PR, turns wireless sleuth. The marketing industry is never slow to jump on a new communication channel and exploit it for its own ends. The telephone, email, SMS text messaging and the web have all become a standard part of the marketing toolkit, the latter having a marked impact on the way in which organizations communicate with their audiences.Now there is a new mobile communication platform called Bluetooth and both the marketing and technology co mmunity are debating whether it offers a new opportunity to be exploited for marketing gain. 4. 3 Marketing opportunity This mechanism by which messages can be sent between Bluetooth devices – predominantly mobile phones – has provoked discussion within the marketing community as to whether Bluetooth could be used as a promotional communication channel. Bluejacking offers three distinct opportunities for marketers: 1. Viral communicationExploiting communication between consumers to share content such as text, images and Internet references in the same way that brands such as Budweiser, Honda, Trojan Condoms and even John West Salmon, have created multimedia content that has very quickly been circulated around the Internet 2. Community activities Dating or gaming events could be facilitated using Bluetooth as a channel to communicate between participants. The anonymous nature of bluejacking makes is a superb physiological tool for communication between individuals in a localized environment such as a cafe or pub 3. Location based servicesBluejacking could be used to send electronic coupons or promotional messages to consumers as they pass a high street shop or supermarket. To date SMS text messaging has been used with mixed success as a mechanism to send consumer’s location based information Rainier PR believes that viral communication and to a lesser extent event based activities offer the greatest opportunity for bluejacking as a marketing mechanism. Already companies are looking at ways of exploiting the technology in these two areas. London, UK-based TagText has made available a series of urban avatars available free for consumers to send each other.The company is tight lipped about its ultimate product and goals but has done a superb job of raising its profile by making available a series of free media properties. What is clear is that TagText wants consumers to send TagText characters to each other and raise the profile of the company . Herein lies one of the key benefits of Bluetooth. Unlike any other mobile communication mechanism it is absolutely free – there are no subscription charges and no costs associated with sending a message. The rise in text-based bluejacking couldn’t have been more timely for TagText’s launch.Not only can we capitalize on the trend, but using images adds a new dimension that even most bluejackers haven’t yet considered, said Russell Buckley, director and founder of TagText. Buckley admits that Bluejacking would not suit everyone, but for brands that want bleeding edge youth credibility