Operational and Marketing Strategies at Costco Wholesale Free Essay Example, 750 words

The main strategy applied involves the sale of the highest quality brands at the lowest prices that are below other retail outlets and wholesale stores. The customer s satisfaction is considered first with the products easily affordable for purchase given first priority in their stocking. Generally, the growth entity revolved around keeping a relatively low price range to lure more customers experiencing high sales that boost growth (Thompson et al, 2012). The markups applied by Costco are carefully selected to maintain the prizes at relatively low maintaining it at a record 20% below most retail prizes. The philosophy involves taking the lowest prize offered for a good and further making a lower offer on the same products to induce an increased sale margin. Marketing strategyMost customers and membership acquisition by Costco arise from word of mouth and merger with local businesses. Most advertising campaigns are restricted to a minimal entity as the services Costco offers are sel f-marketing. The low price index attributes positive feedback from the customers promoting referrals that sell the brand identity. However, amongst the three top Wholesale clubs in America, BJ offers the most competition. We will write a custom essay sample on Operational and Marketing Strategies at Costco Wholesale or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page By expanding the outlets and stocking a more flexible product range, more profits will be realized as the company moves towards total market share acquisition. Advertising campaigns on newly stocked products and extension of working hours may also reduce the competition level.

Many People Believe That Women Make Better Parents Than...

First, let us examine this statement ‘Many people believe that women make better parents than men and that this is why they have greater role in raising children in most societies. Others claim that men are just as good as women in parenting are’ from the light of history. In the beginning of time when Man has separated themselves from God by transgression, He has declared that Man must work to earn his living whilst the woman will be the homemaker. This is the ‘foundation’ etched into the minds of Man since and has passed from generation to generation up to today. We could see this in approximately every tribe, race, community, societies, and even entire nations. Sadly, we could also see the travesty of this harmonious ‘way of life’, by†¦show more content†¦They forgot how a ginger looks like, only to ‘rediscover’ it from their sibling’s kindergarten books. How sad indeed! They have no idea how a wet market looks an d smells like. They thought foods can only be found in supermarkets. Their only remedy for torn clothes is to buy new ones. Tell me, how could any of these people be parents, yet alone be good parents and a good example to their children? Young boys start boozing in their early teens, some die in their late teens due to careless driving, some girls get pregnant at least once a year before the actual marriage†¦ Sigh! Therefore, when parents of the good old days bring their children up opposite to the preposterously overwhelming facts above, they produced some of our very own grandparents and parents, which we look at them very highly, and be proud of who they are. No doubt there are really excellent and accomplished parents out there – kudos to them (juggling work, housekeeping, and family wellbeing flawlessly), there are also equally ‘useless’ people out there, proudly calling themselves parents. They have no responsibility whatsoever on their children and their wellbeing. They only care for themselves, their position at work and in society. They could not do any better, and this feeling of guilt led them to give too much ‘pocket money’ to their children, further spoiling them. And we can clearly see who theseShow MoreRelatedShould Gay Marriage Be Allowed?2234 Words   |  9 Pages Should Gays and Lesbians be allowed to raise children? Same Sex marriage has really come out of the darkness and into society’s spotlight. It has increasingly become one of the most controversial issues in the United State of America and around the world. The public opinion varies by race, gender, class, culture, religion and in the political arena. Perhaps there have been positive shifts in attitudes towards gay marriages. 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Stockhausen’s Gesang der Junglinge Free Essays

Stockhausen became increasingly fascinated during the late ’50s with the spatial projection of music in the performance space. It can be said that Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge marked the beginning of the end of classic musique concrete. For Kontakte in 1958, using four-track tape, he devised a clever way make the sound of his tape music spin around the audience at various speeds. We will write a custom essay sample on Stockhausen’s Gesang der Junglinge or any similar topic only for you Order Now He did this in the studio using a rotating platform with a loudspeaker mounted on top. He could manually rotate the speaker up to four times a second. Stockhausen also used a specialized tape recorder called the Springer. Originally developed to lengthen or shorten radio broadcasts, it used a rotating matrix of four to six playback heads that spun in the opposite direction as the tape transport. As the tape passed the rotating playback array, one of the playback heads was in contact with it at all times. The output was equal to the sum of the rotating heads. It was characteristic of him that he could not be satisfied with Boulez’s and Berio’s derivation of music from verbal sounds and structure: there must be some general principle, which a single work would be enough to demonstrate completely – some system which a work could bring into being. Such a system he found in the organization of degrees of comprehensibility, across a range from the plainness of speech to the total incomprehensibility of wordless music. This would require electronic means. He needed â€Å"to arrange everything separate into as smooth a continuum as possible, and then to extricate the diversities from this continuum and compose with them†, and he found the way to do that through attending, between 1954 and 1956, classes in phonetics and information theory given at Bonn University by Werner Meyer-Eppler. Since, as he there discovered, vowel sounds are distinguished, whoever is speaking, by characteristic formants (emphasized bands of frequencies), it seemed it ought to be possible to create synthetic vowels out of electronic sounds, so that synthesized music could begin to function as language. Working from the other end, the whole repertory of tape transformations was available to alter spoken or sung material and so move it towards pure, meaningless sound. Around the time that Stockhausen was formulating these criteria for electronic music, the nature of his work began to change dramatically. After completing the two electronic Studien, he returned to instrumental writing for about a year, completing several atonal works for piano and woodwinds, as well as the ambitious orchestral work Gruppen. Gruppen, written for three complete orchestral groups, each with its own conductor, marked Stockhausen’s first major experiment with the spatial deployment of sound. He positioned the separate orchestras at three posts around the audience so that their sounds were physically segregated in the listening space. The groups called to each other with their instruments, echoed back and forth, sometimes played in unity, and sometimes took turns playing alone so as to move the sound around the audience. Gruppen and his other instrumental experiments of that time were Stockhausen’s bridge to his next electronic work. By the time he embarked on the creation of Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge (Song of the Youths, 1955-56), his views on the control of dynamic elements of electronic music had broadened considerably. In this creation the synthesized electronic sounds are composed according to principles analogous to those operating in vocal sounds, and the recorded voice, that of a boy treble, is carried into the electronic stream by studio alteration and editing: superimpositions creating virtual choruses, reverberations to suggest great distance, scramblings of words and parts of words, changes of speed and direction. Nothing on either side, therefore, is quite foreign to the other, and Stockhausen invites his audience to attend to degrees of comprehensibility by using a text with which he could expect them (the work was intended for projection in Cologne Cathedral) to be familiar: the German translation of the prayer sung in the Apocrypha by three young Jews in Nebuchadnezzar’s furnace (hence the title, Song of the Youths). Stockhausen’s electronic composition Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge thus attempts to integrate its biblical German text with all the other materials in the composition (Morgan 442). Even so, the choice of this particular prayer cannot have been uninfluenced by what Stockhausen could have envisioned would be the imagery of the piece, with the boy’s singing surrounded by flames of electronic articulation. Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge is perhaps the most significant work of electronic music of the ‘50s because it broke from the aesthetic dogma that had preoccupied the heads of the Paris and Cologne studios. It was a work of artistic dà ©tente, a conscious break from the purely electronically generated music of WDR, in which Stockhausen dared to include acoustic sounds, as had composers of musique concrà ¨te in France. Yet the piece is entirely unlike anything that preceded it. Stockhausens’ Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge draws on unorthodox audio materials (Bazzana 74).   Stockhausen’s objective was to fuse the sonic components of recorded passages of a youth choir with equivalent tones and timbres produced electronically. He wanted to bring these two different sources of sound together into a single, fluid musical element, interlaced and dissolved into one another rather than contrasted, as had been the tendency of most musique concrete.   Stockhausen created some stir with works of very new spirit and imaginative form (Collaer 395). Stockhausen practiced his newly formed principles of electronic music composition, setting forth a plan that required the modification of the â€Å"speed, length, loudness, softness, density and complexity, the width and narrowness of pitch intervals and differentiations of timbre† in an exact and precise manner. There was nothing accidental about this combination of voices and electronic sounds. At thirteen minutes and fourteen seconds, Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge was longer than any previous worked realized at the Cologne studio. It was a â€Å"composed† work, using a visual score showing the placement of sounds and their dynamic elements over the course of the work. The result was an astonishingly beautiful and haunting work of sweeping, moving tones and voices. The text, taken from the Book of Daniel, was sung by a boys’ choir as single syllables and whole words. The words were sometimes revealed as comprehensible sounds, and at other times merely as â€Å"pure sound values†. Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge deals with a much greater variety of sonic material than did the earlier studies (Morgan 466). Stockhausen’s assimilation of a boy’s singing voice into the work was the result of painstaking preparation on his part. He wanted the sung parts to closely match the electronically produced tones of the piece. His composition notes from the time explain how he made this happen: Fifty-two pieces of paper with graphically notated melodies which were sung by the boy, Josef Protschka, during the recording of the individual layers. Stockhausen also produced these melodies as sine tones on tape loops for the circa 3-hour recording sessions. The boy listened to these melodies over earphones and then tried to sing them. Stockhausen chose the best result from each series of attempts for the subsequent synchronization of the layers. Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge is historically important for several reasons. It represented the beginning of the end of the first period of tape composition, which had been sharply divided aesthetically between the Paris and Cologne schools of thought. The maturity of Stockhausen’s approach to composing the work, blending acoustic and electronic sounds as equivocal raw materials, signified a maturing of the medium. The work successfully cast off the cloak of novelty and audio experiments that had preoccupied so many tape compositions until that time. Stockhausen’s concept of â€Å"composing the sound†Ã¢â‚¬â€splitting it, making the changing parameters of sound part of the theme of the work—was first exercised in Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge. Rhythmic structures were only nominally present, no formal repetition of motifs existed in the work, and its theme was the continuous evolution of sound shapes and dynamics rather than a pattern of developing tones. Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge was composed on five tracks. During its performance, five loudspeakers were placed so that they surrounded the audience. The listener was in the eye of the sonic storm, with music emanating from every side, moving clockwise and counterclockwise, moving and not moving in space. Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge was originally prepared for five tape channels, later reduced to four, and its ebullience is greatly enhanced by antiphonal effects. Stockhausen himself was to apply in many later works the discoveries he had made here in the treatment of language and of space, of which the latter was already claiming his attention in Gruppen for three orchestras. But perhaps the deepest lesson of Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge was that music of all kinds, whether naturally or electronically produced, is made of sounds rather than notes, and that the first task of the composer is to listen. â€Å"More than ever before†, Stockhausen wrote, â€Å"we have to listen, every day of our lives. We draw conclusions by making tests on ourselves. Whether they are valid for others only our music can show.† (Stockhausen 45-51). Stockhausen’s Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge provided a major turning-point in the artistic development of the studio, for against all the teachings of the establishment the piece was structured around recordings of a boy’s voice, treated and integrated with electronic sounds. In Stockhausen Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge electronic sounds take on a disturbing â€Å"otherness† when set in relief by the humanity of a boy’s voice, racked at times out of intelligibility, but never out of recognition, by the dissection of its speech elements. Effects such as the distant murmur of multitudinous identical voices have a dramatic impact far more direct than Stockhausen’s comments on the work would suggest; his concern is to incorporate vocal sounds as natural stages (complemented electronically) in the continuum that links tone to noise, vowel to consonant. His vivid imagination for broad effects is further revealed in the spatial direction and movement of the sound by distribution. Stockhausen was the most representative composers of a period which is still in its analytic phase (Collaer 48). Gesang der Jà ¼nglinge has subsequently become a crucial aspect of electronic composition and has helped to combat the faintly ridiculous sensation with which an audience concentrates on sounds emanating from a single â€Å"pseudo-instrument†. Stockhausen’s fanatical devotion to this art is sustained by a vision of public music rooms (spherical ideally) giving continuous performances of spatial music. However reminiscent this may seem of some deplorable cinematic techniques, complex stereophony is an altogether natural development of machine music and may help it to achieve a persuasive idiom owing nothing to instrumental practice. Works Cited Bazzana, Kevin. Glenn Gould: The Performer in the Work: A Study in Performance Practice. Oxford University Press, 1997. Collaer, Paul and Abeles, Sally. A History of Modern Music. World Publishing, 1961. Morgan, Robert P. Twentieth-Century Music: A History of Musical Style in Modern Europe and America. New York. Publication, 1991. Stockhausen â€Å"Actualia†, Die Reihe, 1 (1955, English edn. 1958), 45-51, (see also his ‘ Music and Speech ‘). How to cite Stockhausen’s Gesang der Junglinge, Essay examples

Change Management Concept of Study of Managemen Hilton Hotels

Question: Discuss about the Change Management of Hilton Hotels. Answer: Introduction Changemanagement being one of the most prominent concept of study of management, provides acknowledgement of various models that can be applied. Attempts have been hereby made to apply theoretical concepts ofmanagement into practical situation. It can be hereby included in the project that Hilton hotels have attained a leading position in global hospitality. Maintaining a broad portfolio of thousands of hotels and resorts all over the world is a complex task that requires in depth knowledge of concept ofmanagement principles and models to resolve various issues that create a tough competition in global market. Marriott international has succeeded in creating a better position in global hospitality as compared to Hilton hotels. The study work presented below is thereby prepared to highlight the concept of applying change management for improving communication system, relationship with stakeholders, quality of leadership, etc within the cultural environment of Hilton hotels located wit hin geographical boundaries of United Kingdom (Anderson, and Anderson, 2010). Business situation The report presented below includes a study work focusing on impact of increased level of competition within hospitality sector. Considering effect of emerging trends and economic elements within hospitality industry in general and upon Hilton business group particularly has been included there of. Number of competitors from all over the world has evolved to provide strong competition to cited organization. It is thereby important to explain the necessity of adapting new strategic change to workforce within hospitality business. Smooth functioning of cited business firm all over world can be accredited to stronger bond that has been maintained with customers, employees, shareholders, etc since years. However it is important to maintain the same accuracy in relationship with each of individual and groups having specific interest with success of firm cited. It has become important for the leaders to deliver best of their ability by applying most appropriate models of change management. Extent of efficiency in application of various models for aligning with changing trends depends directly on how efficiently these have been explained to the workforce. It is required that leaders at Hilton hotel still put in a lot of efforts for explaining the need for change in working environment so that it becomes easy to lead the hospitality world by attracting maximum travelers through excellence in service providing (Hayes, 2014). Implementation of change in the business situation Bringing about a change within organization is a two way process. It requires bringing changes on overall basis as well as within different functional activities that are followed regularly. It is therefore extremely important to manage the quality of working of each of employee so that targeted goals and objectives are attained easily. Depending upon complexity and impact of current issues, various models of change management are adopted to enable implementation of new strategic practices and organizational principles that simplify the process of change. Lewins change management model can be applied for bringing required modification in leadership style followed to lead the working team. Three steps are required to be followed for implementing new plan and structure for managing effective leadership. The process begins with analyzing the need for bringing a change in pattern of leadership. Unfreezing therefore initiates the process of change by preparing executives responsible for leading respective department of workforce (Pohl, 2010). After unfreezing stage, the process of change actually initiates wherein authoritative leadership style is adopted for bringing strategic changes whereas democratic style is applied for bringing changes that require equal participation of workforce in decision making. Finally, refreeze procedure takes place wherein management executives and leaders of cited organization are ensured that issues related to leadership pattern are resolved efficiently. Application of change management in various areas of hospitality business: Leadership Workforce working within an organization is the only part which works actively to implement any changes that occurs within organizational environment. Managers and leaders at Hilton hotel in England, Scotland and other European regions lay special emphasis on focusing on analysis of need of change within different segments that has enabled them to align with changing needs of hospitality sector. It has thereby become important for the leaders to deliver best of their ability by applying most appropriate models of change management. It is therefore extremely important to manage the quality of working of each of employee so that targeted goals and objectives are attained easily. Alignment between managers and leaders is important so that required changes are analyzed and appropriate model is selected to implement the same within different departments. Implementation of new strategies and principles begins with effective leadership style adopted to attain maximum benefits can be attained by applying Kurt Lewins model of change management. Need for bringing about changes is analyzed so as to keep a balance with changing economic, political and socio-cultural factors of geographical area within which a business segment is established. However, it is required that elements bringing about a change in hospitality world are studied and required models are applied to implement new policies and principles. Thus, changes in leadership strategies provide a boost to alignment of organizational structure and its workforce (Cameron, and Green, 2015). Stakeholders Stakeholders group of cited organization comprises of individual and organizations that hold specific interest in overall working pattern followed, to achieve targeted objectives. Extent of efficiency in achievement of organizational objectives and alignment with interest of stakeholders group has determined positive image of cited business firm within hospitality sector. Hilton group has a broad portfolio of activities carried out to provide quality services to its customers, tourists and travelers. Changing business trends and economic condition have put an urgency to implement a change wherever required. Stakeholder objectives must be fulfilled so that rivals cannot acquire even a single percentage of shareholders interest (Keppel and Wardell?Johnson, 2012). Mc Kinsey 7s model can be applied to create a stronger bond with various stakeholders as under: Creating strategy: Increasing competition has threatened very existence of cited organization against its rivals as more and more customers are pulled by attractive return on investment policies. It is therefore important to satisfy interest of stakeholders by forming a plan that provides better financial results. Forming a structure: On the basis of strategy selected previously, organizational structure is formed in such a way that it divides the cluster of activities into efficient groups and departments. System: After formation of new departments, activities are carried out in appropriate manner. The way in which various activities are followed determines creation of suitable system for implementing new strategic principles within different departments. Shared values: Hilton group works on the core value of providing quality services to its people. Hence, only new set of values and beliefs are followed with very little change in core value. Style: Changes adopted and leadership style adopted to implement the same is termed as style. Usually participative style is applied to implement changes as equal participation of all departments is required to bring maximum overall success. Staff: New plan is executed and put into practice by providing adequate training to workforce. It is important to explain the necessity of following altered strategic policies for achieving new targets to keep pace with changing trends (Kotter, 2011). Skills: It is important to provide adequate training to work force to enable them to accept new challenges and provide quality services to travelers and tourists. Success of implementation of new policies depends directly upon efficiency of work force in understanding the need for same. Communication Integration of various departments provides a boost to overall success and longer stability of a firm in international market. Effective communication can take place top-to-bottom or from bottom-to-top. Flow of information from top level generally includes issuance of guidelines and assistance to workforce. On the other hand flow of information from bottom is mostly related to problems faced by work force and employees in aligning with new plan and policies. Hilton group is an American chain of hotels and resorts located worldwide working on basis of common values and culture followed for satisfying needs of travelers. The cited business firm has established stronger goodwill value throughout number of markets located on within different geographical areas (Seddon, Calvert and Yang, 2010). However, increased competition within European regions has created a need for cited hospitality firm to develop such a communication system through which effective interaction can take place betwee n top most authority and workforce. Not only this, flow of communication is important to be maintained among chain of hotels and resorts so that they can work for achieving common set of targets and objectives. Process of bringing a change within organizational structure is a difficult one which can be simplified by building competence level among employees and motivating them to align with changed principles and communicate with each other to fasten the process of change implementation. Kotters 8 step change model can be followed for improving communication system and bringing required change in behavioral pattern of employees. The process begins wherein need for changing communication pattern is analyzed on account of increased communication gap. Such an issue might be resolved by adopting more of verbal communication unlike non verbal system so that enough of time is saved by directly transferring information to respective department. Workforce must be motivated to encourage integration for aligning with changed business environment. This ensures providing tough competition to rival hospitality firms. After gaining confidence of employees, changes are implemented by communicating them throughout business environment. Communication with workforce is important for making communication system a better one. Required assistance must be provided for enabling entire workforce to achieve maximum benefits through effective communication system. New principles and strategie s can be thus made permanent (Hughes, 2011). Thus, this model enables entire workforce to accept and change slowly and gradually according to new communication plans. Hilton have been following implementation of change through verbal communication for applying strategic changes wherein it is required to communicate with every individual working within respective departments. Conclusion It can be hereby included that surviving within hospitality business for a longer time duration providing strong defeat to rivals such as Marriott International is a complicated task for Hilton group like others in same industry. However, the issue of increasing competition and attractive return policies of rivals can be resolved by aligning with emerging trends that require bringing a change within communication system, leadership style and stakeholders relationship. Depending upon extent of urgency in bringing about a change within different segments, appropriate models are studied in depth and applied by management executives working for Hilton group. Thus, any emerging trend that brings about a change within organizational environment of an organization can be a reason accredited for improved service quality and relationship with various stakeholders. References Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Pohl, K., 2010.Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques. Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. Keppel, G. and Wardell?Johnson, G.W., 2012. Refugia: keys to climate change management.Global Change Biology.18(8). pp.2389-2391. Kotter, J., 2011. Change Management vs. Change Leadership--What's the Difference?.Forbes online. Retrieved.12(21). p.11. Kocar, V. and Akgunduz, A., 2010. ADVICE: A virtual environment for Engineering Change Management.Computers in Industry.61(1). pp.15-28. Mehanna, H., Olaleye, O. and Licitra, L., 2012. Oropharyngeal canceris it time to change management according to human papilloma virus status?.Current opinion in otolaryngology head and neck surgery.20(2). pp.120-124. Seddon, P.B., Calvert, C. and Yang, S., 2010. A multi-project model of key factors affecting organizational benefits from enterprise systems.MIS quarterly.34(2). pp.305-328. Hughes, M., 2011. Do 70 per cent of all organizational change initiatives really fail?.Journal of Change Management.11(4). pp.451-464.

10 Exploratory Essay Topics on Earthquake Prediction

10 Exploratory Essay Topics on Earthquake Prediction You have been asked to write an exploratory essay on whether earthquakes are predictable or not. Even though you have over 15 websites open in your window for reference, you can’t seem to dig up anything meaningful. Fret not, today is your lucky day because we are going discuss an extensive three-part guide on the subject. In this section, you’ll find ten very informative facts on earthquake prediction while the next section is titled 20 topics on earthquake prediction for an exploratory essay, will help you select a good topic. There’s also a sample essay on one of those topics and finally, the third part of this guide discusses how to write the essay itself. We assure going through this guide, your exploratory essay will be exceptional and help you get full credit. Here are 10 facts on earthquake prediction for an exploratory essay:   Ã‚  Ã‚  To this day, there hasn’t been a system that can predict an earthquake, big or small, with 100% accuracy. Too often predictions have been labelled false alarms. The false-alarm label has made it very difficult to differentiate a particular detection system that shows real-time and accurate predictions rather than those relying on chance or estimates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The elements leading up to an earthquake are multidimensional. Therefore, it is important to factor in space, magnitude and time-related aspects of the earthquake. It is important to come up with forecasts that are based on a probabilistic analysis because of the uncertainty in prediction parameters. It is not feasible that the predictions are deterministic; the forecast of seismicity should be based on statistical analysis. Even if the forecast is deterministic, it is important that its evaluation should be statistical to remove any possibilities of coincidence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  One very important parameter that needs to be considered during an earthquake forecast is the focal mechanism. According to a US Geological survey by Dziewonski, Ekstrom Salganik done in 1996, the Forecasts of modern day earthquake cataloguing should include information collected from seismic moment tensor inversions. Focal mechanisms along with time-space-size are all very important parameters of an earthquake. Through them, we can calculate low-frequency seismograms or static deformation of an event.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Among all the proposed methods for the prediction of earthquakes, there is a lack of quantitative theory, therefore, they should all be considered as empirical methods. Some of these methods are earthquake clustering, seismicity variations, changes in seismic velocities, anomalous animal behavior, precursory strain, hydrological signals, and variations in geochemical and electromagnetic signals. One of these methods can be considered a quantitative forecasting method, and that’s earthquake clustering.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Quantitative methods can predict earthquakes far more efficiently because it’s an intricate process. Global tectonic gives us information about the strain accumulation on plate boundaries, and through various geological and geodetic methods, tectonic deformation can be measured. Another quantitative method is studying the low and state frequency deformation which occurs in faraway fields due to earthquakes through the linear elasticity theory, resulting in the prediction of earthquakes, because we are able to study the accumulated strain of earthquake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Earthquake predictions are done for a few months, a year to a decade or beyond a decade. These timescales depend on the earthquake mitigation measures or the technique used. Seismicity has an invariant scale, that’s why it’s not possible to define a real-time temporal feature scale of earthquakes. There are, however, two physical scales; the first one is connected to the propagation of earthquakes and elastic waves and the second one is about the velocity of tectonic deformation. The first scale comprises seconds or tenths of seconds due to the focal area size and the zone of extreme shaking, while the second one comprises decades or even millenniums because it’s taken from the accumulated strain mostly released by the largest earthquakes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Evaluation of earthquake predictions should also have a comparative test of null hypothesis in it so that coincidences and chance based results can be disregarded. Temporal clustering of seismicity and spatial variations should be included in the null hypothesis. It is much easier to devise null hypothesis for extreme earthquakes because their clustering is weak for at least a couple of years. Therefore, the Poisson process can at times work on behalf of null hypothesis. Though the spatial inhomogeneity of the epicenter of earthquake does create problems in the process of evaluation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Computer simulations of earthquakes haven’t proven to be of much help either. The calculations of fluid dynamics can be cross-referenced with the actual velocity field. While simulated synthetic earthquakes may catalogue, it needs to be matched with the real one. The problem is the spontaneous nature of seismicity; the mathematical calculations of earthquake occurrence can only be done in statistical terms. If the computer is to model seismicity, it needs to have synthetic sequence which has the same statistical characteristics of a real earthquake with respect to time and space. This is where the real problem develops.   Ã‚  Ã‚  We now have the computing power and the capability to calculate mass calculations of seismic moment tensor. We can also monitor the connection of stress tensors with earthquake. Recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between stress and earthquakes. Difficulties have occurred due to the translation into the designs of stress accumulation, earthquakes and stress tensors.   People assume that if the weather can be predicted so can the earthquakes, but there are a lot of differences. Earthquakes are asymmetric in terms of time and amount of foreshocks are very negligible. Since seismicity is asymmetric in nature, it is different from the flow of fluids which are turbulent; this is why prediction of earthquakes is more difficult than the prediction of weather. These facts will significantly help you in starting your research. There is just so much that you can write about on the subject of earthquake prediction. We can also understand if selecting a topic is giving you a tough time. Not to worry, the next part will surely give you more information to go on. References: Earthquake Storms: The Fascinating History and Volatile Future of the San Andreas Fault. (2014). S.l.: Pegasus Books. Advances in Earthquake Prediction. (2008). Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH KG. Earthquake Prediction with Radio Techniques. (2015). S.l.: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte. Earthquake Time Bombs (2015) Hough, S. E. (2010). Predicting the unpredictable: The tumultuous science of earthquake prediction. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Kagan, Y. (2015). Earthquakes: Models, Statistics, Testable Forecasts. Chichester: Wiley Sons. Lomnitz, C. (1994). Fundamentals of earthquake prediction. New York: John Wiley Sons.

How Steinbeck Uses Foreshadowing and Settings Effectively Essays

How Steinbeck Uses Foreshadowing and Settings Effectively Essays How Steinbeck Uses Foreshadowing and Settings Effectively Paper How Steinbeck Uses Foreshadowing and Settings Effectively Paper How does Steinbeck use Foreshadowing and Settings effectively in Of Mice and Men? John Ernst Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men uses a lot of foreshadowing and clever settings effectively, which makes his novel a great book. The use of foreshadowing entices the reader and makes you want to read on. The well-described settings make a vivid image of what is actually going on and help us think what it really was like during the 1930’s. Steinbeck uses masses of foreshadowing throughout his book. For instance, Steinbeck refers to Lennie as an animal. Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water†¦Ã¢â‚¬  George, later in the book, says â€Å"Ever’ Sunday we’d kill a chicken or rabbit. Maybe we’d have a cow or goat. † At the end of the book George kills Lennie. This is foreshadowing because Steinbeck is hinting that George would eventually kill Lennie as he said they’d kill an animal every weekend. In this case Lennie was constantly compared to an a nimal. This is effective as it reminds us that Lennie is like an animal and that George kills all sorts of animals which portrays the image that Lennie is going to be killed by George. Another example of foreshadowing, is when George and Lennie are making their way to the ranch, George says to Lennie â€Å"If you jus’ happen to get in trouble like you always done before, I want you to come right here an’ hide in the brush. † Towards the end of the book Lennie goes back to the bush and George kills him there. This piece of foreshadowing is vital because it almost definitely tells us that Lennie is going to get in trouble. When everyone starts to neglect Lennie, George kills him in a way that can be seen as euthanasia. Killing Lennie painlessly as there was no other way out. This can be linked to another point of foreshadowing, where Carlson says â€Å"The way I’d shoot him, he wouldn’t feel nothing. I’d put the gun right there. Right back of the head. He wouldn’t even quiver. † This shows that George was loyal to Lennie and cared for him as he didn’t want him to get hurt, but just wanted to end all of Lennie’s suffering. This also ties in with the fact that as everyone started to spite Lennie, George helped him and supported him just like a father would do with his child. This father-figure theme has travelled through the whole novel and is used well by Steinbeck at the end. Furthermore, Lennie gets into trouble at numerous stages in the book and when he kept on stroking mice and always killed them, it was linked back to when he allegedly raped a woman in Weed. This pattern continued when he was working at the ranch, this time with Curley’s wife. â€Å"Oh, that’s nice,† and he stroked harder. Oh that’s nice. † Lennie said. â€Å"You stop it now, you’ll mess it all up. † Let go,† she cried. â€Å"You let go! † This is especially effective as it constantly hints that he was going to kill someone by stroking, as he killed countless mice, stroking them to death. Knowing that Lennie is a bit mentally unstable, I think it is Curley’s wife’s fault for inviting him to stroke her hair. She intentionally tempted him to touch her hair and received the consequences. Steinbeck also uses settings that make the novel interesting and lure the reader to the book. Crooks, the stable buck, is the only coloured character in the book and is not treated well and reflects how segregated America was during the Great Depression. Crooks slept in a separate room and had a terrible bed. â€Å"A long bunk filled with straw. â€Å"His bunk was in the harness room; a little shed that leaned of the wall barn. † This clearly shows that Crooks was not as well respected as the others were and that he was given accommodation that an animal would get because he is black. He is seen as not being equal and is a low class person who is not cared about. It is interesting that Steinbeck chooses to start the novel describing the place which he was born in an d knew very well. â€Å"A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. It is clever how he mentions Soledad in the beginning and it sets the perfect layout for the story. Soledad means Spanish loneliness and this is really intriguing as the main theme of the story is loneliness, especially on Lennie. Steinbeck’s choice was well-thought as he intelligently linked the loneliness with the isolation of Crooks and also the feeling of seclusion in Curley’s wife which made her want company from Lennie. In addition, at the start of the sixth chapter the description of the setting almost literally summarises the whole chapter. A topic sentence if you like. â€Å"The deep green pool of the Salinas River was still in the late afternoon. Already the sun had left the valley to go climbing up the slopes of the Gabilan Mountains, and the hilltops were rosy in the sun. But by the pool among the mottled sycamores, a pleasant shade had fallen. † This paragraph has many details which point to failure and the dream disappearing. The stillness of the river in late afternoon represents death, danger and the fact that tension is rising. The point that the sun had left the valley is personification and brings an awareness that the dream had vanished and nothing good was left. The bit about the pleasant shade that had fallen is a big indication that there was something good, but that was now in the past and only bad was going to happen. Finally, in conclusion Steinbeck’s uses of foreshadowing and settings are extremely effective not only on the reader, but on the characters. The view of the characters is reflected on the settings and brings each and every one of them to life.

Bush Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bush - Article Example t this program successfully, Bush directed the Secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to set up the National Health Information Technology Coordinator (Thomson, 2014). In 2005, the HHS Secretary Mike Leavitt took initiative to establish American Health Information Community, a federally chartered commission, with intent to accomplish President Bush’s aim of having majority Americans using interoperable electronic health records within 10 years. Although this initiative started off strongly during the term of Bush, it has gradually fallen off for the recent years. As per Duane Morris report (2009), privacy and security concerns were the most potential barriers to the implementation of this initiative. Issues related to unauthorized access to records and privacy concerns prevented the implementation of technology. Some other security concerns include trespassing by an outsider, theft or loss of devices like laptop or mobile phone, or theft while transmitting information through a wireless network. In order to address the General Accounting Office’s concerns regarding information privacy, HHS initiated several projects including the commission that strategically determines the certification criteria for electronic medical records. According to GAO, it is essential â€Å"to establish the high degree of public confidence and trust needed to help ensure the success of a nationwide health information network† (Psych iatric news). In addition, unresolved debates over whether to employ an individual’s Social Security number hampered HIPAA implementation standards. Issues associated with general security practices also have weaken the scope of this policy. The higher costs related to this policy also became a barrier to the implementation of the proposed change. The concerned officials indicate that hardware and software maintenance throughout the organization involves higher costs. According to the Harvard researchers’ findings (cited in

Legal Framework in Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Legal Framework in Employment - Essay Example As per common law, an employer has the right to dismiss an employee with prior notification. Terminating an employee without prior notice is a ‘wrongful dismissal’ against which an employee can sue the employer. Unfair dismissal is created by statute law, and it may occur even with proper notification. The Employment Rights Act 1996 has given six potentially fair reasons for terminating an employee. The employer has to ensure that the decision of dismissal, he has made justified and is conducted fairly.Employment Relations Act 1996, section 98 (4), provides details to declare a dismissal fair or unfair. The employer is responsible to justify a fair dismissal and likewise give reasons for unfair dismissal. In any case, if an employer is unable to prove that the dismissal is justified as per the Employment Relations Act 1996, it will be declared as unfair.Not only the law provides support to the employees the employers also have equal defenses to claim the fairness of thei r dismissal decision.In the case [British Leyland (UK) Ltd v Swift, (1981)], the employer’s decision was declared as ‘fair’ by the court of law as the employer justified his decision claiming to terminate an employee due to misconduct.In another case [Iceland Frozen Foods Limited v Jones, (1982)], the employer terminated a night-shift foreman at the warehouse. The employer held the employee responsible because he could not secure the warehouse at night which resulted in slow production.

Language Structures Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Language Structures Experience - Essay Example This sense of belonging springs from one’s immediate environment where there is focus on the language one speaks along with complementary elements like accent, nuances and other such features that form the general social and cultural terrain of the particular place. Language offers people first hand knowledge of a variety of symbols that one comes to associate with a place. This in turn generates a more enriching quality to one’s experiences. (Mercer, 1996) In knowing and learning a language, whether by birth or subsequent settlement, there is a certain amount of satisfaction that helps contribute to one’s sense of identity. This also has certain mental implications as it shows the person’s basic aptitudes, besides brining him or her face to face with the challenges of implementing the language. This makes a person draw from experiences of the past, learn from present experiences and contribute to future experiences, which will shape his or her overall life experiences. This also renders a certain amount of creative and communicative competency to a person and his or her sense of confidence with which he or she carries out interactions with people. In this regard, it is necessary to shift focus to the process of learning of a language and garnering communicative competency. This process is important in every individual’s life as the knowledge comes only after learning. The very process of learning is a journey throughout which an individual is brought face to face with experiences. These experiences form his or her general perspective on things. In this way, there is a certain level of competency which in turn, springs from the areas and experiences that a person finds comfortable to deal with. Learning a language is a crucial part of describing how a language shapes a person's experiences. (Girvin, 2000) Learning a language has always been a great challenge. While this is a matter of creating awareness, it is also a matter of creating certain comfort level that will trigger communicative competency in that language. To be more precise, the teaching of a language can take place on the basis of the communicative approach - i.e., through reading, listening and repeating exercises that will prompt greater teacher - student interface and thus help correct any deviations on the spot. A vital element of this approach or model is communicative competency which is the goal that a language learner strives to achieve. (Johnson, 1996) This communicative competency becomes the very fabric of a person's life when it comes to understanding circumstances, people and cultures. This fact has special importance in the area of cognitive development. The cognitive development is the most basic and important sensor that differentiates between kinds of experiences. This sensor has to be honed right from the beginning of an individual's life so that there is an affiliation in the child's mind towards a language, a culture and a place. In honing this part of one's cognitive development, there is scope to increase his or her competency. The power of language and being able to communicate with someone plays a large role in the cognitive development. This helps the person develop in terms of trusting the teacher and sharing with the family. The ways and means of teaching or learning a language can be formal or informal depending on the person's stage in life. (Mercer, 1996

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Functionalist And Conflict Theory Sociology Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Functionalist And Conflict Theory Sociology Essay Social and cultural theories are often used when studying and applying knowledge to sports. The theories in society often provide a framework for asking research questions, interpreting information and being able to uncover the deeper meanings and stories that are associated with sports, they also enable citizens in the society to become more informed so that we can apply what we have learned from the research and being able to apply it in the world that we live in. Theories also enable people to see things in new angles and perspectives and give us the ability to make informed decisions about sports and how sports participation can be used in our lives, communities, families and societies. The six main theories used in sport have many points and can overlap with each other but only two are going to be discussed in this study. The two theories chosen to compare are functionalist theory and conflict theory. Functionalist theory is a macro sociological theory that is based on the characteristics of social patterns, structures, social systems and institutions such as family, education, religion, leisure, the economy, media, politics and sport. If all these social institutions are organized and co-operate with one another around a set of core values functionalist theorists assume that the entire social system will function properly and efficiently. Society in functionalism has a view that it is an organized system of interrelated parts that are held together by shared values and established social arrangements that help maintain the system in being in a state of equilibrium and balance. When sociologists use functionalist theory they split it into two parts, the first concept of interdependent parts is all of the social institutions (media, religion, sports, politics and economics) and how they are linked together. In the tradition of Talcott Parsons and his conception of functional imperatives (goal attainment, adaptation, latency and integration) functionalists argue that there are four basic system needs for any society in sports (team, clubs etc) to run smoothly and that everyone will benefit. The four principles are Adaptation In order to survive in a society it is essential that members learn to adapt to changes in the social structure and culture. Another important element to survival is the emphasis on being physically fit as it is required for most sports. Goal Attainment This is the motivation of individuals to achieve societys goals through socially accepted means. Sport is preoccupied with tracking the success and failures of its participants however it also teaches participants that if they work hard enough it will lead to victory meaning success. Integration Sport promotes social connections between people and gives them the opportunity to co-operate with each other in a group and a community. It also provides a feeling of social identification as well as a source of personal identity. The society must keep itself together. Latency (pattern maintenance and tension management) Each system must maintain itself in a possible state of equilibrium for as long as it can without any outside disruptive influences. Many forms of pattern maintenance are provided by sport primarily through participation where the participants are taught to accept an authority structure that is well defined for example athletes knowing that referees have the authority over them to make sure they stick to the rules of the sport. Functionalist theory in sport generally leads to the conclusion that it is popular in society because it can maintain the values of character that help to preserve stability and order in social life. Functionalist theory also supports sporting policies that help and recommend the growth of competitive sport programmes, developing coaching education programmes, in the case of youth sport there is an establishment on criminal bureau checks and qualification checks on coaches before working with younger children. The theory also supports the establishment of training centres for elite athletes so they can maintain their top-level performance and making sure to have increased surveillance and drug testing so they are able to supervise and control the actions of athletes by preventing those taking drugs so they cant cheat their way to attaining a better sporting performance. People in society who have positions of power tend to favour functionalist theory as it is based on the assumption that society is organised for benefiting the people in that society of equality and that in any dramatic way it should not be changed. While functionalist theory is a popular approach it does have some weaknesses. The weaknesses of functionalist theory is that it tends to lead to exaggerated accounts of positive consequences of sports and sports participation however it mistakenly assumes that there are no conflicts of interests between the different citizen groups in society such as women, people with disabilities, racial groups and people who are economically poor in society yet it doesnt recognise that sport can privilege or disadvantage people more than others. The theory also ignores the powerful historical and economic factors that have influenced social events and social relationships. Functionalist theory is centered on the idea that there is a consensus in the values and norms of society and that social institutions found within a society are integrated and function together. In contrast conflict theory looks at the role of power and the inequality found throughout society and how sport is shaped by these economic forces and used by people with economical power to increase their influence and wealth. Conflict theory is based on the ideas of Karl Marx (1818 1883) which rose to importance during the 1970s because of the growing disenchantment with functionalist theory. This theory of Karl Marx views sports as being built on the foundations of economic power. In societys that are capitalistic you see that relationships and social arrangements are organised around wealth, money and economic power for example in the United States its easy to point out the owners of the sport teams as they are benefiting financially from the expense of elite athletes, the coaches that work alongside the athletes and the spectators who watch the sport. Like functionalist theory conflict theory is based on the assumption that society is like a social system however conflict theory focuses on the needs of capital rather than the general system needs. Theorists of conflict theory explain that a society which is capitalist will not be able to survive and grow without exploiting any workers for the sake of boosting financial profits; they also suggest that if radical changes are to be concluded in sport and society by prevailing justice and fairness they need to identify the negative consequences that sport has. Once these changes are made sport will become a source of creative energy, expression and physical well-being. People who live in capitalist economies are generally not comfortable with the assumptions and conclusions of conflict theory because they say it has a negative effect and does not fit into their ideas about society and sport as they feel uneasy with the conclusions of calling for radical change in the current organisat ion and structure that they already have. Much of conflict theory is directed at sports which are dominated by spectators. Conflict theorists if they had the choice they would increase the control that athletes and other sporting participants have to promote sport at local community level so that it benefits all classes of people rather than just all elite athletes. Meaning the working class would have more influence of sport than the rich class giving them more motivation for participation and eliminating profits. Many conflict theorists favour players unions that confront pro-team owners and are supporting organisations that help to guard against public tax money being used to benefit wealthy people. Ideally any public resources would be used to help aid sponsoring sports that are designed to improve physical fitness, political awareness and include placing the element of fun into activities. Conflict theorists (Leonard 1980; Rigauer2004) would also campaign for athletes at all levels to have representation with making dec isions about sport in organisations so Olympians would be able to vote on policy questions that concerned the staging of the Olympic Games. Conflict theory also has three major weaknesses. The first weakness is that the theory tends to ignore the possibility that sport in capitalist societies can and may involve experiences that give individuals and groups power. Conflict theorists talk about how sport is organised to maximise the control that wealthy people have over other members in a capitalist society. The conflict theory approach doesnt acknowledge that sport can take many forms of serving interests in the have-not society and denies that any participation in sport can be a personal creative and liberating experience that will inspire members of society to make economic changes that will help to promote equality in exiting capitalist societies. Secondly conflict theory ignores the importance of race, ethnicity, gender, disability, age and many other factors when it comes to explaining how people want to identify themselves, how they relate to other members in the society and how they organise the social world in whi ch they live. Often its leading people to overlook the possibility that inequalities and power in any society are based on factors other than economic and social class differences. Thirdly the theory assumes that all aspects of social life are determined economically and is shaped by the needs of having capital in society and profit motive. Theorists of conflict theory focus on the assumptions that of economic factors when studying sport however they tend to overlook participation and recreational port for healthy living. Functionalist theory and conflict theory both focus on the needs of society and how sport can relate to the satisfaction of the system needs. The theories dont inform us about sport in everyday life and the ways in which people are active agents who are participating in the processes of sports and societies that are organised and changed. They both also ignore that sport and social constructions emerge in peoples everyday life when they struggle to decide what is important and how they are going to collect organisation in their lives.

Creon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone Essay -- Antigone essays

Creon as Tragic Hero of Sophocles' Antigone There has always been a bit of confusion as to the tragic hero of the Greek Drama Antigone. Many assume that simply because the play is named for Antigone, that she is the tragic hero. However, evidence supports that Creon, and not Antigone, is the tragic hero of the play. Examining the factors that create a Greek Tragedy, and a tragic character, it is clear that the tragic hero is in fact Creon. First, take into account the timeframe in which Antigone was written. During the time of Sophocles, women were considered second-class citizens. They would not even be permitted to act i... ... Haimon are minor characters and are clearly not the tragic heroes of the play. Creon suffered the most, his losses were the greatest, and he was the only character to posses a tragic flaw. It is safe to assume that the only reason for Antigone ever being considered a tragic hero, is the misleading title of the play.

The Negative Effects of Divorce on Children

â€Å"So many persons think divorce a panacea for every ill, find out, when they try it, that the remedy is worse than the disease† (Qtd in Harper 192). Divorce in any situation tears a child apart, tossing them from one house to another, limiting the time spent with their parents, and confusing them. There arent very many reasons that would show to be more beneficial for the parent to leave than to stay and keep their marriage. Usually its better for the children if their parents work through their differences rather than get a divorce. To anyone, divorce is a horrible word.There is no way to make the word sound better or make it less painful. According to the Webster’s Dictionary, divorce is â€Å"the legal dissolution of marriage or the termination of an existing relationship or union† (Webster’s 370). This definition makes it seem formal and doesnt show the feeling that people have when the word is mentioned. To most children, divorce is much more than a legal dissolution; it is their whole world being torn apart and thrown on the ground in pieces. One of the biggest problems that divorce imposes on children is the decision of who they should live with.Usually parents divorce when children are small and the children have no say in where they go. Since the child cant choose, this usually leads to custody battles that end in split custody or joint custody. Whatever the choice turns out to be, either one of them will be detrimental to the child. When split custody is decided, it forces either the child or the court to choose which parent to live with and which one is in the childs best interest. It limits the time the child spends with both parenta. When the child only lives with one parent, the relationship with the other parent can be severely damaged.According to the National Survey of Children, close to half of all children with divorced parents have not seen their nonresidential parent in the past year, and only one in six had weekly contact (Whitehead 2). Since the children don’t see both their parents often, the parent that the child lives is usually thought of as strict and â€Å"no fun† because that parent is always there and is always responsible for disciplining the child. This can damage and cause social problems with the child. The nonresidential parent is usually viewed as the fun, exciting one that the child wants to be with.This parent usually tries to give the child presents, and money almost like they are using it in an attempt to â€Å"buy† the child’s love. The child doesnt usually feel the love and security of having a close family, since they are constantly moving from house to house. Because of the constant movement, the child doesnt usually receive quality time from either parent, and it makes it more difficult to feel loved. Joint custody, on the other hand, proves to be even less successful (Zinmeister 29). This type of custody is now allowed in half of the states in the US, although, joint custody is very unusual because of the extreme complications.In California, where divorce is more common than anywhere else, only eighteen percent of divorced couples have joint custody. Even when the divorced parents maintain regular contact with their children, truly cooperative child rearing is rare (Zinmeister 29). Research shows, that the parents have no communication or mutual reinforcement; this usually leads to very unhealthy relationships with their children. Joint custody is even worse on a child because there is even more movement involved. With split custody, the child goes to the nonresidential parent’s house on a certain schedule.In joint custody, however, the child is constantly moves back and forth between houses, causing an even larger lack of time between parent and their child. The custody battle can be damaging, but the divorce of a child’s parents can also confuse the child, suggesting that it is better for parent s to stay together. The child does not really know what commitment really means. Since these children see their parents breaking vows without a second thought, they start to think that whats right for the parents must be the right thing for them to do too.Children are basically shown that they dont have to work out their problems as long as they can run away. This is one reason that today, when someone makes a promise, there is really no promise of whether it will happen or not. According to The Effects of Divorce on Children, an article written by J. Lynn Rhodes, young adults whose parents have divorced previously are likely to have social problems and trouble forming and maintaining intimate relationships (Effects 1). The value of a person’s â€Å"word† has lessened.Partly because of bad examples parents are setting for their children when they get a divorce. Generally, its better for children to suffer a bad marriage than to cope with divorce. According to Universit y of Michigan psychologist and divorce expert Neil Kalter, the misery of an unhappy marriage is less significant than the changes after a divorce. The children would rather their parents keep fighting and not get divorced (Marriage 64). Although it doesnt seem logical, it shows that children want their parents to be together no matter what the cost.The alternative to most divorces is not life in a war zone (Zinmeister 30). In the most of the number of divorces there is no problem or issue that could ruin a person’s childhood. These divorces almost always make the child worse off and create many unnecessary problems for the child. If parents would concentrate harder on working their problems out rather than their own personal happiness, the children would be better off. Divorce, however, isnt always a terrible thing. In a few situations it is for the best.The two situations that can prove beneficial for a person to get a divorce are abusive relationships and adultery. When one parent is abusive, whether verbal, physical, or sexual, to the children, it is more beneficial to the child if the parent leaves (Huffman 4). Also, if one parent is physically abusing the other, the marriage should be ended. If a child watches their parent get beaten their entire life, they could think that its okay to act that way to other people or they can begin to hate the parent for staying.Also, when a spouse is committing adultery, divorce is definitly an option. When one spouse is faced with the affairs and still wont stop having them, the Bible gives the option of divorce. In Matthew 19:8-9 it says, â€Å"Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning. I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery† (Huffman 9). Even under these ircumstances, Jesus permitted divorce, but he didnt encourage it. It generally shows to be more beneficial for a child if their parents stay in an imperfect marriage rather than getting a divorce. The things that are involved with a divorce severely damage a child. The child lacks a â€Å"sense of belonging† and becomes very confused. Therefore, when a person gets married, they need to think long and hard to make sure that it is the right choice for them and for possible children that they may have one day.The person needs to make sure that they dont settle for the person they can live with; they need to wait for the person that they cannot live without. As Jesus says in Mark 10:5-9: It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law. But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female. For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one. Therefore what God hath joined together, let no man put asunder (Huffman 1). Works Cited Harper Book of American Quotations, New York, Harper and Row, 1988, p.192. Huffman, John. â€Å"The Raw Reality of Divorce.† Http://www.christiandigest.com/divorce.html. (19 November 1998). Marriage and Divorce, California, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1997, p.64. Rhodes, J. Lynn. â€Å"The Effects of Divorce on Children.† http://www.lrhodes.com/divorce.html. 1997. â€Å"Through the eyes of a child.† Http://www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998). Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Massachusetts, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1984, p.370. Whitehead, Barbara. â€Å"Coming Apart.† http://www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998). Zinmeister, Karl. â€Å"Divorce’s Toll on Children.† Current Magazine, April 1997: 29-30.

The Sixth Sense Essay Essays

The Sixth Sense Essay Essays The Sixth Sense Essay Paper The Sixth Sense Essay Paper Essay Topic: Film In a film of this genre, I would expect to find a lot of tension building up, atmosphere, music, lightening, shadows and various camera angles to make a supernatural thriller. In the film, The Sixth Sense a child psychologist named Malcolm Crowe incredible played by Bruce Willis tries to help one of his young patients Vincent Gray (Donnie Walberg) but failed you failed me a speech quoted by Donnie, because of his failure he gets shot, Malcolm gets obsessed with helping his patients, so his relationship with his wife suffers. A year later, another young patient, Cole Sear (a talented young actor) Hayley Joel Osment has the same problem as Vincent he needs Malcolms help. Cole Later tells Malcolm that he can communicate with the dead I see dead people a speech quoted by Hayley,Malcom then figures out a way to make the dead go away, by listening to them and helping them. The dead had come for help, they had a matter that they couldnt complete whilst they were alive and left the matter unresolved. They wanted Cole to help them solve the matter so they can move on. Later Malcolm helps Cole complete this task for a girl who was killed by her stepmother. Patient Cole in return, reveals some helpful information to Malcolm about his wife. In the end Malcolm discovers that he died the night he got shot. The first key scene I am going to examine is the red balloon scene. The scene starts where Cole and his mum Lynn Sear(Toni Collette) attends a birthday party, Cole hears weird noises coming from the top of the staircase and soon gets lured up by the weird noises. Meanwhile Coles mum Lynn is busy socializing with other mums she does not realize that Cole has been lured up the stairs. As the noises sounded like the dead Cole starts to get paranoid, suddenly some nasty kids come up from behind him and shoves Cole into the room, and slams the door after him. Immediately, he gets attacked by the ghost inside, he is screaming and shouting, but the music downstairs is too loud that no-one can hear him. The red balloon then pops, then she notices that someone is in trouble, so she wanders upstairs and realizes it was Cole, She tries her best to open the door, but it seemed to be locked. A minute later, everything goes silence. Coles screaming and shouting shops and the door unlocks . Finally Lynn lifts him out and takes him home. The director has put a lot of different camera angles, shadows, lightening and color in this scene he has uses a wide range of camera angles to show different outcomes, and color to create the scene mood and atmosphere. The picture of the spiral staircase shows the audience by using a high angle to emphasis the color red and tells the audience that danger is near. Another angle the director has used is the low angle shot to create tension usually a low angle shot would show power but somehow the director has made him look innocent and vulnerable in this low angle shot, we, the audience will then know that he is going to have a bad experience. The director has also used shadow and lightening as well as camera angles to create foreshadow to symbolize him being threatened or death already occurred. The second key scene I am going to examine is the red tent scene; I have chosen this scene because there is various music and soundtracks in this scene which make it horrifying and terrifying. The scene starts the thermostat on the wall reads, fifty-two degrees. Cole goes to the toilet a large figure moves past the doorway Coles knees starts to press together, his body becomes very still he stands there and stares into the darkness of the hall. Cole finally steps out into the hallway. His eyes catch a slant of light coming from the kitchen. His breath forms tiny clouds in the cold air. Cole hesitates before being drawn to the kitchen. He then moves briskly to the door halfway down the corridor. Continuing down the hall and turns the corner coming to a stop in the doorway of the kitchen. Cole stares at the back of a person cooking food on the stove. Cole thought it was him mum so his fear slowly fades away until the person turns around it was not Lynn it was a dead, the woman face was demented, Coles face immediately turned the colour of ash Cole backs up to the doorway and hurried down the hall and heads for his tent Cole is curled up in the tent. He lies still for a moment reaching over and flickering on a flash light then the tent get lit up and then suddenly the top of the tent starts ripping Cole starts to scared again and then he notices that a dead was in the tent. The director has put a lot of music to create tension in this scene he uses horrifying soundtracks making it an unsettling and horrifying atmosphere creating fear and suspense for the audience the tempo is what makes the music more horror as the suspense continues the tempo speeds up. As well as tempo of the music there is also cold air use in this scene when the dead are angry the atmosphere becomes cold which indicates something is wrong. Creating a cold atmosphere. The director M. Night. Shyalaman uses a wide range of techniques and methods to create different atmosphere in different scenes. Although red is seen in every scene. The color red is an important color in this film, it set a mood to the film, it is used to symbolize anything in the real world which had become tainted by the other world or anything related to death e. g. Cole red tent, the red balloon, the door knob to the basement all these red indicates to the audience that something is going to happen related to death. The use of red is very effective because it grabs our attention on focusing on the color making the audience more aware of what is happening it also gives the audience a clue to what is going to happen next which is a good idea to put in a film so it lets the audience guess and think first without knowing what is actually going to happen. The actors and actresses in this film are Bruce Willis as Malcolm Crowe Haley Joel Osment as Cole Sear Toni Collette as Lynn Sear Olivia Williams as Anna Crowe Glenn Fitzgerald as Sean Mischa Barton as Kyra Collins Donnie Walberg as Vincent Gray Bruce and Haley are both brilliant actors in this film they are classed as brilliant because they both can show thought and feeling using just there eyes without using word which is what make the film more successful. They both have very good facial expressions, body language and emotions because there faces when acting really convinces us that they are really in that situation. For example in the picture of Cole his eyes show us that he needs to tell us something but is too scared to do so. Lastly, I think this film is very effective and brilliant to watch because there are various techniques used thought the film especially how the director has used the red to make it different from other films which is more useful because we are more aware of the red than any thing else. Another reason why I like the film is because the director has uses a lot of different camera angles which make the audience think and feel a different way. So overall I think this film is successful and great to watch.

Give A Brief Definition Of Nursing Research And Evidenced-based

Give A Brief Definition Of Nursing Research And Evidenced-based Give A Brief Definition Of Nursing Research And Evidenced Nursing Research and Evidence Based Research Nursing Research and Evidence Based Research Evidence based research in nursing involves the use of already available evidence to establish the knowledge on a certain issue. It is mainly applied to link the past with the present which is crucial in addressing the issues arising in any health set up. This can include getting the data in a certain hospital and check for the prevalence of a certain disease and how it has been possible or impossible to handle it with the available resources. Nursing research involves going to the field and collecting data which is then processed before coming to a certain conclusion. For instance in addressing the prevalence of a disease like pneumonia in a locality one can go to various hospitals and homesteads getting the information from the parents and doctors and then using the information one can be come up with a conclusion that can be used to better the way a certain problem is being addressed. It also involves visiting the literature in that field to see has been done already and show the relevance of your research (Health Leaders Media, n.d). The two approaches have a similarity in that they are both aimed at improving the way the problems in the nursing set up are addressed. This could be a certain disease or the challenges the nurses are facing while executing their duties. Another similarity is that both rely on the already present information to set a strong argument or a foundation of the research (Health Leaders Media, n.d). This involves a look on the literature available and the information present in hospitals to come up with a factual argument. They also borrow a lot from each other and they are usually used as one. The major difference lies in the way each of them addresses the problem as lies in their definition. ReferenceHealth Leaders Media. (n.d). Evidence Based Practice and Nursing Research: Avoid Confusion. Available at.

Saudi Arabia Political Economy Environment Dissertation

Saudi Arabia Political Economy Environment - Dissertation Example The results of this policy are that about 58% of the university students in Saudi Arabia are women, following globalization, education, and economic benefits, more women in the Kingdom are being employed, estimated at about 5% to 15% of the workforce are women. Several factors contribute to women being in business include: †¢ Women are responsible for controlling most of the country’s wealth, and as a consequence are able to access informal funding which support the growth of business entrepreneurs. It is estimated that women are in possession of over SR45 billion, most of which (approximately 75%) is deposited, idly, in banks. †¢ Ownership of businesses in the Kingdom have about 4% of the businesses belonging to women, the retail sector has about 5,500 commercial registrations being of projects by women, which accounts to an estimated 20% in the retail, contractual, wholesaling, and transferable businesses sectors, and Arab News has recognized the contribution made by women in the economy of the region, by publishing the Kingdom’s top twenty women ventures in the region in March 2007. This was reported as a new perspective that deviates from the norm, where men are considered the entrepreneurs and pillars of Saudi Arabia’s economy. The current rise in women involvement in economy is based on the education and financial strength gained by women. Women have gained power through empowerment via education and business.

HR Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HR Management - Term Paper Example The human resource function has evolved with the changes in workforce attitude, technology, sociological factors, changing labor laws, and the changing organization environment (Mello, 2002). During the earlier ages, the HR problems related to absenteeism in the work place, poor working conditions, termination of production due to workers dissatisfaction, and other operational problems like lateness in reporting to work. Apple Corporation in its bid to lead in the technology sector has concentrated on engaging qualified and talented workforce with innovative skills in the development of its products. This has ensured that it introduces iPhones and Macintosh computers that are in high demand in the market. Moreover, strategic HR roles have seen the employees’ participate in the formulation of policies that help steward the business into success. The company has assiduously rewarded its employees and recognized their talents while training their employees’ skills through training. The economic cycle like the depression saw businesses experience dwindling profits and operational risks. This forced organizations to review their HR policies and functions in order to develop strategies that would ensure organizational survival and competitiveness (Boroughs, Palmer & Hunter, 2008). The government through the formulation of labor laws resulted in significant improvements in the working conditions and better employee pay. Currently, businesses are faced with completely new HR challenges that decelerate the realization of business goals and objectives. The current HR department has therefore been mandated with the duty of ensuring they attract and retain a workforce that has the potential of stewarding the businesses towards success. With the shift from administrative roles to strategic roles, HR managers apart from doing their administrative duties also play a center role in the execution of strategic functions. Strategies help businesses to reposition the mselves for competition and develop competencies for the changing market conditions (Mello, 2002). Therefore, the HR managers do several strategic functions. First, strategic managers assist in the formulation of strategic policies and principles that would help see the business develop competitive strengths against the competitors.HR managers take part in this process by ensuring that the engagement of employees and whole workforce reflects the necessary skills that would enable the business take measures that would ensure business succeed. In developing these policies, the HR managers will ensure that the recruited employees have the ability to develop strategies that leads to business success. Secondly, the HR department has the responsibility of developing strategic alliances that would enable the business enter into partnership with other businesses. Businesses form strategic alliances with other strategic partners with a bid to gain competitive strengths that would enable them maximize their returns and gain operational efficiency (Mello, 2002). Before entering into such partnerships and alliances, strategic managers have to ensure that such alliances are properly evaluated to determine their productivity. This can only be realized if the HR department carefully selects qualified staff with the

Faith Diversity, First draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Faith Diversity, First draft - Essay Example At a physical level, that person may agonize pain, but their mental temperament is composed. His or her mental level is able to reduce the physical pain. Owing to that person’s mental temperament, the immune system is energized to fight the disease. At times, someone is at peace in tolerating physical pain or death in an ideal way, without suffering from it. A Buddhist have preference to calm and peaceful environments. Diet and exercise are fundamental constituents of healing or preventing disease in Buddhist. They pray and meditate frequently to stimulate relaxation and healing. If sickness does occur, many have faith in using the mind to help overcome it. If certain anything happens, there is belief that a person has caused that event to occur. Following death, Buddhists do not disturb the body for as long as time allows. The first 49 days after a person decease are very significant. This is the time during which prayers are offered before the new life, rebirth, begins (Andreasen, 2011). According to a Buddhist, if a medical doctor is very educated but not compassionate their medicine is ineffective. The beginning of trust comes with pledge, a sense of duty, and a sincere sense of concern. Buddhist doctor of medicine treat their patient as if they are their own child. This is the perception and spiritual beliefs a Buddhist individual has when cared for by health care providers (Katō, 2011). Shintoism is a lifestyle, not a religion. They show is excessive respect for nature and when Shintoists are adjacent to nature they are adjacent to their kami. Kami are spirits with mystical influences they worship which are often portrayed as a variety of objects in nature such as trees and animals. Shintoism shows a strong aspiration for sanctification in all sides of their life and this can be perceived through their ceremonies or in their way of philosophy. Shintoists, when a person dies, they believe that he is reincarnated. The spiritual perspective on

Establishing a Teen Court Program Essay Example for Free

Establishing a Teen Court Program Essay Inspired on discussions with the parents-teachers associations, the Teen Court Program has been established to allow the young to deal with issues that bother them. With this program, the school initiates an establishment of a court where teenagers are the judges, prosecutors, and defendants handling cases of fellow teenagers. This court shall handle minor offenses, usually those which are done inside the school premises. Thus, the teen court will affect the school as a whole. The students who are taking part and those for which the teen court will be imposed upon as well as the officials and parents of the students will be involved in the program. The Teen Court Program will be established with the student council. The participants will be required to attend a one-day seminar with the Juvenile Division Parole and Probation Center to familiarize themselves with court procedures. After the seminar, a selection will be done as to who shall be jurors, court clerks and bailiffs. Others will be given assignments as attorneys from which cases can be ascribed and consulted with. They will be manning case proceedings in such a way that adults do them. The only difference here is the age. The Teen Court Program will take of next year, beginning with the seminar slated at the Juvenile Division Parole and Probation Center on January 15, 2008. It will be followed by a series of qualifying tests and interviews to divide responsibilities among the members of the group. Primarily, the members of the teen court will come from the student council. However, non-members of the student council can likewise serve as volunteers. Should they aspire for positions, they will be asked to attend a pre-set seminar and go through he same tests and interviews. If they are volunteering as support assistants, all they need to do is be a bona fide student of the institution to be able to apply and qualify. Adults such as parents may also volunteer for administrative functions such as billing, management, and planning. The Teen Court Program is expected to improve the juvenile justice system in the school. It will also upgrade the treatment on minor offenders in the community. With it, minors are arrested and tried on the court in front of a teenage representation. Ultimately, it allows minors to be the leaders and defendants of justice in their own right. The school decided to create the Teen Court Program to allow teenagers to deal with their own issues. Believing that adults may lack or have no understanding of the issues surrounding teenagers given the difference in age and activities, the school has taken this step. It also creates leaders, and allows teenagers to take part in such important activities. The juvenile court program will proceed on offenses that are considered minor to be taken to the non-juvenile courts. These offenses include minor fights where there are no casualties, stealing, all forms of cheating, and other misbehaviors. The program is beneficial at that it allows offenders to be tried according to a due process instead of being confined with the judgments of the local school board (made up of adults); the peers of offenders will be able to testify and give their sides, and learn lessons as well. School officials will also be less burdened by these minor offenses, and in general the community benefits because the minors being tried in these juvenile courts are handled accordingly and receives no exposure to real criminals. It has also been found that juvenile courts are cheaper to operate.

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay -- Germany History Bonaparte essays

Napoleon Bonaparte The ideas of modern war can lead back to the 18th century during a certain campaign by a French military leader. This military leader was named Napoleon Bonaparte. He started a campaign against Western Europe that defined war and his strategies echoed throughout time up until the Second World War. His strategic plans were legendary up until his biggest mistake, which was invading Russia during its winter during the battles in the Waterloo Campaign.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before you can get into how he became a military genius you have breakdown how is life really was before his military career began. Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15th 1769 to Carlo Buonaparte, a lawyer and political opportunist, and his wife, Marie-Letizia Buonaparte. The Buonaparte's were a wealthy family from the Corsican nobility, although when compared to the great aristocracies of France Napoleon's kin were poor and pretentious. Due to his parents connections he was able to enter the Military academy in Brienne in 1779. He moved to the Parisian Ecole Royale Militaire in 1784 and graduated a year later as a second lieutenant in the Artillery. When the civil war broke out the Buonaparte’s fled to France and adopted the French version of their name Bonaparte. When the political situation in France flipped around, Napoleon was tried for treason, but if not for his roots in politics, he would have been executed but his families connection s saved him from death. In 1795 Napoleon became a hero again and helped fight the revolutionary forces off. As a result of that, he grew to be one of the most respected military leaders in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1796 Napoleon was given control of an Italian army which helped defeat Austria. After that campaign he returned to France as a bigger hero than he originally was, but had to leave in 1798 to Egypt and Syria in order to threaten England’s imperialistic rule in Africa. Napoleon and his army returned in the August of 1799. Shortly after he took part in the Brumaire coup of November 1799, finishing as a member of the Consulate, France's new ruling triumvirate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Novel by Robert M. Epstein, his military background was identified and how he planned his attacks were broken down so that the average person could understand them. He was the individual who introduced the ideas of modern warfare to the global affairs. The de... ...w warfare. Also since there was a new air force being used, there had to be certain precautionary measures to be taken in order to thwart off the planes, thus the birth of flak cannons. These shot shards of metal not the sky to shoot down the planes. Finally the most important piece of technology that was introduced in World War Two was the Hydrogen and Atomic Bombs; which were dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. These two pieces of weaponry ended World War Two in the pacific front and in the world. Having Technology is was makes your Militaries, Navies, and Air forces modern, a strong battle plan is a great thing to have but that doesn’t make warfare modern. This is what gave certain forces the advantage over their opponents. Weaponry kills people, not the plans themselves. To have a significant advantage over your opponent is what conquering is all about, and that is what new advancements did. Even though Napoleon was a military genius and developed new theories on war, they didn’t make war fare modern, technology did. Bibliography Napoleon's Last Victory and the Emergence of Modern War, Epstein, Robert M. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: University P of Kansas, June.